A blow-molded plastic structure has a hollow interior portion formed during a blow-molding process, and includes first and second outer portions that are spaced apart from each other, with the hollow interior portion disposed there between. The structure includes a pattern of structural stiffening features that are integrally formed in the second outer portion. The pattern of structural stiffening features includes a plurality of tripodal depressions disposed in rows and columns and a plurality of convex regions disposed in rows and columns between the plurality of tripodal depressions. Each convex region has a maximum height between the first and second outer portions. Each of the tripodal depressions extends into the hollow interior portion, includes three indentations disposed adjacent the first outer portion, and includes an island spaced away from the first outer portion. The island has three sides, each of which is disposed adjacent one of the three indentations.

In one implementation, a metal deck is provided that includes one or more deck components formed in a contiguous metal sheet. Each of the deck components includes one or more folded ribs formed along the length of the metal deck. Each of the one or more folded ribs are configured such that one or more trusses of a building may fit between the one or more folded ribs. The metal deck may be used to complete the structural diaphragm without using concrete.

A blow-molded plastic structure has a hollow interior portion formed during a blow-molding process, and includes first and second outer portions that are spaced apart from each other, with the hollow interior portion disposed there between. The structure includes a pattern of structural stiffening features that are integrally formed in the second outer portion. The pattern of structural stiffening features includes a plurality of tripodal depressions disposed in rows and columns and a plurality of convex regions disposed in rows and columns between the plurality of tripodal depressions. Each convex region has a maximum height between the first and second outer portions. Each of the tripodal depressions extends into the hollow interior portion, includes three indentations disposed adjacent the first outer portion, and includes an island spaced away from the first outer portion. The island has three sides, each of which is disposed adjacent one of the three indentations.

Beaded panels and method of forming beaded panels. A beaded panel as described herein includes a base structure comprising a sheet of material, and beads that comprise a protrusion on a first side of the base structure, and a concavity on an opposing second side of the base structure. A geometry of the beads comprises a center section having a conic shape about a longitudinal axis, flared sections symmetric about the center section along the longitudinal axis, and a transition section that curves outward from a base of the center section and the flared sections to blend with a flat surface on the first side of the base structure.

A panel includes a foam core and a drainage plane attached to one side of the foam core. The drainage plane includes a plurality of dimples extending outward from the foam core and a plurality of flow channels between the dimples. In some configurations of the panel, the foam core extends into the dimples, and may substantially fill the dimples. The drainage plane may be attached to the foam core without being glued or fastened thereto.

A ventilation panel for a soil gas barrier system includes: an insulating foam body having first and second opposing faces and a plurality of grooves to define, in cross-section, an interconnected plurality of ventilation channels having walls that extend into the ventilation panel from the second face toward the first face; and a film of substantially gas-impervious material attached to at least one of the first face and the second face.

An FRP panel material includes reinforcing fibers oriented in predetermined orientation directions near the surface. In the surface of the panel material, a plurality of either or both of protrusions and depressions having shapes of congruent regular triangular pyramids are provided. The bases of the regular triangular pyramids are arranged on a virtual reference plane along the surface with no gap or overlap so that each vertex of an equilateral triangle constituting each base is shared by six of the bases as vertices thereof. Each of the orientation directions of the reinforcing fibers is parallel to any lateral edge of each regular triangular pyramid as seen in the thickness direction of the panel material.

A support structure for a heating or cooling system, comprising: a base; and a plurality of projections extending from said base, said projections being capable of retaining one or more thermal elements positioned adjacent thereto; wherein each of said projections comprises a wall extending from said base, at least part of said wall having an oscillating form. Forming the wall that extends from the base such that it has an oscillating form increases the crush resistance of the support structure. During installation, there are many potential sources of pressure that can crush and/or damage the structure. For example, an installer may stand on the structure while inserting the thermal elements. Additionally, heavy equipment may be placed upon the structure with its load applied through a small area. The crush resistance of the structure comes largely from the walls of the projections. Oscillating wall provides a wall which has an effective thickness greater than its actual thickness and which increases the crush resistance of the structure without a large increase in material.

Disclosed herein is an insulated panel for facilitating post-tensioning of the insulated panel, in accordance with some embodiments. Accordingly, the insulated panel may include a frame, a first layer, a second layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer, and a fifth layer. Further, the frame may include a frame-end arranged in an arrangement forming an interior space. Further, the first layer of a building material is disposed in the interior space. Further, the second layer of an insulating material is disposed on the first layer. Further, the third layer of a cable is disposed on the second layer. Further, the fourth layer of the insulating material is disposed on the third layer. Further, the fifth layer of the building material is disposed on the fourth layer. Further, at least one of the first layer and the fifth layer may be cured for producing the insulated panel.

The panel structure includes: a stiffened panel and a stiffening panel which is joined to the stiffened panel. The stiffening panel integrally has top end plate parts which are joined to a plate surface of the stiffened panel, a base part which is separated from the plate surface of the stiffened panel and faces the plate surface, and a plurality of pillar parts which connect the base part and the top end plate parts. One end part of each of the pillar parts is connected to the base part, another end part is connected to each of the top end plate parts, and a cross-sectional shape of each of the connecting parts a in direction from the one end part toward the other end part is bent or curved. Between the pillar parts neighboring each other, openings are formed.