An adjustable structure (1) comprising a first structural layer (10) defined by a first array of extendable and/or retractable rods or beams (11, 11a, 11b) pivotally connected to each other at their ends and a second structural layer (20) connected to the first structural layer (10) and defined by a second array of extendable and/or retractable rods or beams (21, 21a, 21b) pivotally connected to each other at their ends, wherein at least a portion of the second layer (20) is outside the volume defined by the first structural layer (10) and the extendable and/or retractable rods or beams in the second array are more densely packed than the extendable and/or retractable rods or beams in the first array.

A beam-node permanent formwork for casting reinforced concrete is disclosed, which includes using it for the construction of reinforced concrete 3D trusses in the tidal zone and underwater in coastal areas of reservoirs (from 1 to 12 meters deep) by eliminating deformations when filling the formwork with concrete and during operation, as well as by insulating concrete from the corrosive effects of salt water, biological destruction. The shell of the permanent formwork also significantly reduces the adhesion of concrete to ice, which significantly increases the service life of concrete products in the conditions of the sea or freezing reservoirs.

An assembly for integrating an elongate structural member is provided. The elongate structural member includes a first end portion, a second end portion, and an elongate mid-portion that extends between the first and the second end portions. The first end portion is within a first plane and the second end portion within a second plane, and the first and the second planes are offset and parallel to each other. The elongate mid-portion is sloped between the first and the second planes. each of the first and the second end portions defining therein a polygonal hole. Multiple elongate structural members may be used to assemble a lattice structure.

A deployable truss with modified primary orthogonal joints. The construction of these joints causes the center-hinged primary chords on opposite sides of a truss bay to fold inward in a plane orthogonal to the folding planes of the side diagonals while the two secondary chords fold in planes orthogonal to the plane of the in-folding primary chords. This provides for stiffness and stability during deploy and retract. The unique joint configuration permits the truss to deploy one bay at a time in a stable manner while having lateral bending stiffness, and the truss thus can extend and retract in a sequential manner. It can deploy integral flat panels nested between the secondary folding chords, or use cross bracing in lieu of panels. The truss can be triangular, square or rectangular in cross-section. A powered support frame may be used in conjunction with the truss.