A closed cycle engine power structure and a power generation method, includes a cylinder block and an inner shell. The inner shell is located at the cylinder block, and the inner enclosed cavity of the cylinder block is divided into an outer duct and an inner duct, and an electric coil is arranged in the inner shell. An Archimedes pump is arranged in the inner duct, the electric coil is in drive connection with the Archimedes pump to form a motor structure. Tension structures are arranged in the outer duct. The Archimedes pump is driven to rotate to form a pressure difference between the top and bottom of the cylinder block, generating airflow around the tension structures. According to Bernoulli principle, the pulling force is generated by tension structures. The tension structures concentrate on the cylinder block to form the power of the engine power structure.

A dosing engine including a framework, fluid drivers, and a flow control device. The framework has an inlet that receives a fluid and an outlet that dispenses the fluid. The fluid drivers are supported by the framework and pump fluid toward the outlet. The flow control device is coupled to the framework and is in fluid communication with the inlet, the outlet, and the fluid drivers. The fluid drivers are cooperatively driven by a motive force from fluid flow through the inlet to dispense fluid via the outlet, and to drive the flow control device to distribute diluent to the diluent drivers in a coordinated manner.

A volumetric expander (4) comprising a casing (50) having a general inlet and outlet (51, 52), a piston (6) operating inside the casing and adapted to define an expansion chamber (7) with variable volume, a main shaft (11) connected to the piston (6), and a valve (6) for selectively opening and closing an inlet and an outlet (8, 9) of the expansion chamber (7) allowing: a condition of introduction of the working fluid in the expansion chamber (7), a condition of expansion of the working fluid in the expansion chamber (7), and a condition of discharge of the working fluid from said expansion chamber (7). The expander comprises a transmission member (53) connectedon one sideto the valve (10) andon the other sideto the main shaft (11). The casing (50) defines a discharge chamber in direct communication with the general outlet (52) and configured for being put in direct fluid communication with the outlet (9) of the expansion chamber (7) during the condition of discharging the working fluid from the expansion chamber (7) itself. The transmission member (53) is disposed in the casing (50) inside the working fluid discharge chamber. The casing (50) comprises an auxiliary inlet (59) which is only directly in communication with the discharge chamber of the casing (50) and through this latter, with the general outlet (52); the auxiliary inlet (59) is configured for enabling the working fluid to directly enter the casing (50).

The invention provides an internal combustion engine system (1) comprisingat least one combustor (3), anda first expander (4) arranged to receive exhaust gases from at least one of the at least one combustor (3), and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases, characterized in that the system comprises a second expander (5) arranged to receive exhaust gases from the first expander (4), and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases.

The invention provides an internal combustion engine system (1) comprisingat least one combustor (3), anda first expander (4) arranged to receive exhaust gases from at least one of the at least one combustor (3), and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases, characterized in that the system comprises a second expander (5) arranged to receive exhaust gases from the first expander (4), and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases.

A volumetric expander (4) comprising a casing (50) having a general inlet and outlet (51, 52), a piston (6) operating inside the casing and adapted to define an expansion chamber (7) with variable volume, a main shaft (11) connected to the piston (6), and a valve (6) for selectively opening and closing an inlet and an outlet (8, 9) of the expansion chamber (7) allowing: a condition of introduction of the working fluid in the expansion chamber (7), a condition of expansion of the working fluid in the expansion chamber (7), and a condition of discharge of the working fluid from said expansion chamber (7). The expander comprises a transmission member (53) connectedon one sideto the valve (10) andon the other sideto the main shaft (11). The casing (50) defines a discharge chamber in direct communication with the general outlet (52) and configured for being put in direct fluid communication with the outlet (9) of the expansion chamber (7) during the condition of discharging the working fluid from the expansion chamber (7) itself. The transmission member (53) is disposed in the casing (50) inside the working fluid discharge chamber. The casing (50) comprises an auxiliary inlet (59) which is only directly in communication with the discharge chamber of the casing (50) and through this latter, with the general outlet (52); the auxiliary inlet (59) is configured for enabling the working fluid to directly enter the casing (50).

An internal combustion engine system includes at least one combustor, and a first expander arranged to receive exhaust gases from at least one of the at least one combustor, and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases, wherein the system includes a second expander arranged to receive exhaust gases from the first expander, and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases.

An internal combustion engine system includes at least one combustor, and a first expander arranged to receive exhaust gases from at least one of the at least one combustor, and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases, wherein the system includes a second expander arranged to receive exhaust gases from the first expander, and to expand and extract energy from the exhaust gases.

An electronically commutated hydraulic machine is coupled to a drivetrain. Working chambers of the hydraulic machine are connected to low and high pressure manifold through electronically controlled valves. The phase of opening and closing of the valves has a default. In order to avoid cycle failure due to acceleration events, for example due to backlash in the drivetrain, the phase of opening or closing of the electronically controlled valves is temporarily advanced or retarded from the default timing.

The invention provides a fluid working machine comprising: a crankshaft (2) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (3); adjacent first and second groups (5, 6, 8, 10) of valve cylinder devices (13) spaced from each other about the axis of rotation (3), one or each of the first and second groups (5, 6, 8, 10) of valve cylinder devices having first, second and third valve cylinder devices (13) arranged about and extending outwards with respect to the crankshaft (2), the first and third valve cylinder devices being axially offset from each other, the second valve cylinder device being axially offset from the first and third valve cylinder devices and the second valve cylinder device being offset from the first and third valve cylinder devices about the axis of rotation, wherein the second valve cylinder device has an axial extent which overlaps with the axial extent of one, or the axial extents of both, of the first and third valve cylinder devices.