The present invention relates to a device for treating substrates which device is modular and versatile in use. The device for treating substrates comprises a feeder and one or more first sub-structure modules which each comprise a pressure cylinder with devices for fixing a lift and a sheet-conveying device and one or more second sub-structure modules which respectively have a transport cylinder with openings formed on the cover surface thereof, and having devices for fixing a lift and a sheet conveying device. All of the first or second sub-structure modules have the same intersection point for connecting the sub-structure modules on one of the inlet and the exit side and they all can be equipped with an attachment module.

An internal combustion may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The piston may be configured to move in the cylinder in a work stroke from one end to another. The work stroke may include an expansion stroke portion and a non-expansion stroke portion. The non-expansion stroke portion may include a momentum stroke portion, and a compression stroke portion. The engine may further include first and second piston rod portions extending from opposite faces of the piston. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between a combustion chamber and other locations.

An internal combustion may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The piston may be configured to move in the cylinder in a work stroke from one end to another. The work stroke may include an expansion stroke portion and a non-expansion stroke portion. The non-expansion stroke portion may include a momentum stroke portion, and a compression stroke portion. The engine may further include first and second piston rod portions extending from opposite faces of the piston. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between a combustion chamber and other locations.

In an internal combustion engine, first and second rotating members, one for the intake valve and one for the exhaust valve rotate next to the outside of an engine cylinder on opposite sides thereof when driven by a drive gear attached to the end of the engine's crankshaft. Each rotating member may include a ring gear having a valve port or aperture near its perimeter that cyclically aligns with a corresponding valve port formed through the cylinder wall near the top of the cylinder. A method of controlling valve timing comprises the steps of causing the rotating member containing the second valve port to periodically align in synchronism with the first port to control the passage of an air/fuel mixture and exhaust gases through the combustion cycles of the engine.

A cylinder head assembly for a cylinder of a four stroke internal combustion engine, including an intake rotor assembly that includes an intake rotor body, a first intake rotor shell portion, and a second intake rotor shell portion, and is operable to be rotatably received in at least one through bore of a cylinder head member. An exhaust rotor assembly includes an exhaust rotor body, a first exhaust rotor shell portion, and a second exhaust rotor shell portion, and is operable to be rotatably received in the at least one through bore of the cylinder head member. At least one of the first and second intake rotor shell portions or the first and second exhaust rotor shell portions are operable to be urged outwardly towards or against an interior surface of the at least one through bore of the cylinder head member so as to create a seal therebetween.

Aspiration and multi-section slide valves (24) for internal combustion engines (11). The slide valves (24) include a central, reduced diameter neck (103) connecting separate cylindrical valve sections (104, 105), which have multiple spaced-apart ring groove arrays seating multiple rings. Slide valves (24) utilize spaced apart, continuously pressurized, annular oil confinement zones (101) that are defined between the slide valve exterior and its sleeve (27) between groups of piston ring arrays. The oil zones are axially spaced along the length of the slide valve and continuously pressured by oil flow passageways (106). During slide valve movement these pressurized oil zones tend to stabilize the slide valve (24), preventing metal-to-metal contact such as that associated with rocking, tipping, chafing or scrubbing. When appropriately displaced, the slide valve neck (103) facilitates transverse fluid flow through the slide valve and its confining sleeve between cylinder gas pathways (139, 141).

Aspiration and multi-section slide valves (24) for internal combustion engines (11). The slide valves (24) include a central, reduced diameter neck (103) connecting separate cylindrical valve sections (104, 105), which have multiple spaced-apart ring groove arrays seating multiple rings. Slide valves (24) utilize spaced apart, continuously pressurized, annular oil confinement zones (101) that are defined between the slide valve exterior and its sleeve (27) between groups of piston ring arrays. The oil zones are axially spaced along the length of the slide valve and continuously pressured by oil flow passageways (106). During slide valve movement these pressurized oil zones tend to stabilize the slide valve (24), preventing metal-to-metal contact such as that associated with rocking, tipping, chafing or scrubbing. When appropriately displaced, the slide valve neck (103) facilitates transverse fluid flow through the slide valve and its confining sleeve between cylinder gas pathways (139, 141).

A thermostat valve for a coolant circuit includes a housing with a plurality of coolant connectors, and at least one hollow valve element mounted in the housing for rotation about a rotational axis. At least one opening in the circumferential face, the opening selectively connectable to one or more of the coolant connectors by way of rotation. A drive rotates the valve element and includes at least one actuator which can be switched between a first switching state for rotation in a first rotational direction and a second switching state for rotation in a second rotational direction. A two-point control device actuates the actuator in such a way that, if a setpoint value is exceeded and if the setpoint value is undershot, the actuator is switched from one switching state to the other. A damping mechanism damps the rotational movement of the at least one valve element.

A linear reciprocating engine may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The engine may further include a first piston rod portion extending from a first face of the double-faced piston through the first combustion chamber, and a second piston rod portion extending from a second face of the piston through the second combustion chamber. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between the combustion chamber and a location outside the cylinder and configured to prevent gases from being exchanged between the cylinder and a location outside the cylinder via a path that crosses both face of the piston.

A linear reciprocating engine may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The engine may further include a first piston rod portion extending from a first face of the double-faced piston through the first combustion chamber, and a second piston rod portion extending from a second face of the piston through the second combustion chamber. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between the combustion chamber and a location outside the cylinder and configured to prevent gases from being exchanged between the cylinder and a location outside the cylinder via a path that crosses both face of the piston.