A heating apparatus includes a heating element which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the heatable element, and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including a liquid storage portion including a housing containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an open end; and a heater assembly including: an electrical heating element configured to heat the substrate to form an aerosol, the heating element including a planar filament arrangement having one or more electrically conductive filaments, an electrically insulating substrate having a planar attachment face, the filament arrangement disposed on the planar attachment face, and clamping elements mechanically fixing the filament arrangement to the electrically insulating substrate and applying a pulling force onto the filament arrangement, at least a portion of the heater assembly being fluid-permeable, and the heater assembly being arranged over the open end of the housing.

A vaporization device includes: an air inlet; an air outlet; a vaporization cavity in communication with the air inlet and the air outlet, a vaporization assembly being arranged in the vaporization cavity; and a first capillary liquid absorbing structure arranged on a part of the inner wall of the vaporization cavity close to the vaporization assembly. After the first capillary liquid absorbing structure absorbs an aerosol substrate, a temperature of the cavity wall of the vaporization cavity at a position where the first capillary liquid absorbing structure is located is lowerable with endothermic vaporization of the aerosol substrate.

A reusable apparatus, such as a medical instrument or tool, is decontaminated by applying pressure waves with direct contact of the pressure wave applicator to the reusable apparatus in an open bath in a sufficient dosage to remove contamination but without adversely affecting the ability to reuse the apparatus.

A device has a power source having a high voltage terminal and a low voltage terminal, an oil-free gas compressor, a first molecular sieve, multiple ionized gas generators, an outer metal pipe, an inner metal pipe, a dielectric insulating ceramic sheet, and a gas outlet pipe. The first molecular sieve is connected between the oil-free gas compressor and the ionized gas generators, and is capable of filtering out molecules in the gas except for oxygen. The outer metal pipe and the inner metal pipe are electrically connected to the low voltage terminal and the high voltage terminal respectively. The dielectric insulating ceramic sheet is mounted between the outer metal pipe and the inner metal pipe, and forms an ionizing space, which communicates with the ionizing space, with the outer metal pipe.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems for safely providing NO to a recipient for inhalation therapy. There are many potential safety issues that may arise from using a reactor cartridge that converts NO.sub.2 to NO, including exhaustion of consumable reactants of the cartridge reactor. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods of determining the remaining useful life of a NO.sub.2-to-NO reactor cartridge and/or a breakthrough of NO.sub.2, and providing an indication of the remaining useful life and/or breakthrough.

A hookah device (202) which attaches to a hookah (246). The hookah device (202) comprises a plurality of ultrasonic mist generator devices (201) for generating a mist for inhalation by a user. The hookah device (202) comprises a driver device (202) which controls the mist generator devices (201) to maximize the efficiency of mist generation by the mist generator devices (201) and optimize mist output from the hookah device (202).

The subject matter described herein provides systems and techniques for enhancing a user’s performance. In particular, the physiological characteristics of the user can be altered toward target characteristics to bring about a particular physiological state in the user. Multiple physiological signals of the user may be sensed. Physiological characteristics indicative of a physiological state of the user may be determined. A differential between the physiological characteristics and selected target physiological characteristics may be determined. A selected energy signal associated with a correction action may be communicated to nerves associated with the user’s skin by outputting, using an energy generator, the energy signal toward the skin with one or more different energy types based on the differential. This may allow a particular targeted physiological state to be more rapidly brought about in the user.

A chain mail mesh comprising interconnecting, polygonal links suitably interconnected to define a sheet having each of the interconnecting, polygonal links having at least one degree of freedom of movement in at least one direction with respect to its neighbouring polygonal links wherein each of the interconnecting, polygonal links, interconnected to at least one neighbouring interconnecting polygonal link, combine to form an operative upper surface and an operative lower surface of the sheet, and wherein at least a portion of at least one of the operative upper surface and the operative lower surface of the sheet generally feels smooth with gaps, which produce a calming or pleasing effect when contacted with or moved over, or combinedly contacted with and moved over a human's body portion which being apt to sense of touch. The sheet has a predetermined drape coefficient, nonlinear motion, and is capable of providing relief in stress or pleasure when a human employs the same.

The present invention relates to an automated stimulation device for inducing a tactile inter-stimulus onset asynchrony (ISOA) effect in a subject suffering from apnea, bradycardia and/or hypoxia, the device comprising at least two actuators configured for contacting a body portion of the subject, and interspaced for producing an apparent tactile movement in the subject upon sequential induction of actuation, wherein the duration of the actuations and the overlap in actuation time between the at least two actuators is controlled to attain an inter stimulus onset asynchrony (ISOA).