An exhaust structure of a vehicle is provided that can ensure an arrangement space for a mounted component below a floor panel and prevent thermal damage to the mounted component by reducing sizes of an engine and an exhaust silencer. An exhaust structure of a vehicle includes: an engine disposed in an engine bay formed in a front part of a vehicle; a silencer that reduces noise of exhaust gas from the engine and discharges the exhaust gas outside; an exhaust pipe that couples the engine and the silencer; and a battery unit disposed behind the engine and below a floor panel, the silencer being disposed between the engine and the battery unit.

An arrangement structure of an exhaust gas sensor includes an exhaust pipe that extends from an engine for a vehicle to form a part of an exhaust flow path, a catalytic device that purifies exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path, and a first exhaust gas sensor that detects a predetermined component in the exhaust gas. The exhaust pipe is led out from a front side of the engine to one side in a left-right direction of the engine, and extends rearward so as to be routed on a lateral side of the engine. The catalytic device is arranged in the middle of the exhaust pipe on the lateral side of the engine. The first exhaust gas sensor is arranged on the lateral side of the engine and on an upstream side or a downstream side of the catalytic device in the exhaust pipe.

Technical solutions described herein include an emissions control system for treating exhaust gas in a motor vehicle including an internal combustion engine. The emissions control system includes a model-based controller to control reductant injections into the exhaust gas. Controlling the reductant injections includes determining an amount of NOx and an amount of NH3 at an outlet of the first SCR device, and at an outlet of the second SCR device. The controlling further includes computing an amount of reductants to inject to maintain a first predetermined ratio between the amount of NH3 and the amount of NOx at the outlet of the first SCR device and to maintain a second predetermined ratio between the amount of NH3 and the amount of NOx at the outlet of the second SCR device. Further, the controlling includes sending a command for receipt by the reductant injectors to inject the computed amount of reductants.

Technical solutions described herein include an emissions control system for treating exhaust gas in a motor vehicle including an internal combustion engine. The emissions control system includes a model-based controller to control reductant injections into the exhaust gas. Controlling the reductant injections includes determining an amount of NOx and an amount of NH3 at an outlet of the first SCR device, and at an outlet of the second SCR device. The controlling further includes computing an amount of reductants to inject to maintain a first predetermined ratio between the amount of NH3 and the amount of NOx at the outlet of the first SCR device and to maintain a second predetermined ratio between the amount of NH3 and the amount of NOx at the outlet of the second SCR device. Further, the controlling includes sending a command for receipt by the reductant injectors to inject the computed amount of reductants.

Provided is an exhaust gas purification catalyst having a catalyst performance and an OSC performance in a compatible manner in an air-fuel ratio (A/F) rich atmosphere where HC poisoning is likely to occur. The exhaust gas purification catalyst includes a substrate and a catalyst coating layer coated on the substrate. The catalyst coating layer includes a first catalyst coating layer containing Pd and/or Pt as a catalyst metal and a second catalyst coating layer containing Rh as a catalyst metal. The first catalyst coating layer is formed from an end portion in an upstream side with respect to an exhaust gas flow direction in the exhaust gas purification catalyst. The second catalyst coating layer includes a high specific surface area OSC material having a specific surface area of more than 40 m.sup.2/g, a medium specific surface area OSC material having a specific surface area of 4 m.sup.2/g to 40 m.sup.2/g, and a low specific surface area OSC material having a specific surface area of less than 4 m.sup.2/g.

The invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine (10), in particular for an internal combustion engine (10) which is charged by means of a turbocharger (30) and spark-ignited by means of spark plugs (16). A particulate filter (24) and an electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter (26) downstream of the particulate filter (24) are arranged in a position close to the engine in an exhaust gas system (20) connected to an outlet (12) of the internal combustion engine (10). A further three-way catalytic converter (28) is arranged in the underbody position of the motor vehicle downstream of the electrically heatable catalytic converter (26). According to the invention, the electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter (26) is heated electrically after engine start, and the particulate filter (24), the electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter (26) and the further three-way catalytic converter are additionally heated by the exhaust gas flow from the internal combustion engine (10). The electric heating of the electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter (26) is switched off when the electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter (26) has reached its light-off temperature.

An apparatus for controlling exhaust gas purification may include a front unit communicating with an engine exhaust pipe and having a first catalytic filter; a rear unit communicating with the front unit through a connection pipe and having a second catalytic filter and a bypass channel formed to surround the second catalytic filter; and an actuator to open or close the bypass channel. In particular, one end of the bypass channel is opened or closed and other end thereof is sealed so that the second catalytic filter is heated by a primary filtered exhaust gas filtered by and discharged from the front unit.

A work vehicle includes an engine, a particulate filter, and an oil separator. The particulate filter is connected to the engine to collect particulate matters contained in exhaust gas from the engine. The particulate filter is provided to overlap with the engine when viewed in a height direction along a height of the work vehicle. The oil separator is connected to the engine via a blow-by-gas discharge pipe to catch a liquid component in blow-by-gas from the engine. The oil separator is provided between the engine and the particulate filter to overlap with the particulate filter when viewed in the height direction.

An exhaust system for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, having an annular catalytic converter which is flowed through by exhaust gas, wherein the annular catalytic converter has an inflow point and an outflow point and the annular catalytic converter has a tubular first flow path and an annular second flow path which are oriented concentrically with respect to one another and which are flowed through in series, wherein the first flow path is surrounded to the outside in a radial direction by the second flow path, wherein a pipe is led in the radial direction from the outside through the second flow path, wherein the pipe opens into the annular catalytic converter and the pipe has a radial extent at least as far as into the inner first flow path.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine has an exhaust system that can be connected to an outlet of the internal combustion engine. A three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine and, downstream from the three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine, a second catalytic converter and a particle reduction device are arranged in the direction in which an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine flows through an exhaust gas channel of the exhaust system. A fuel injector is arranged on the exhaust gas channel so as to inject fuel downstream from the three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine and upstream from the second catalytic converter, and the exhaust system comprises a secondary air system with which secondary air can be blown into the exhaust gas channel downstream from the three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine and upstream from the second catalytic converter.