Systems and methods described herein relate to generating ammonia from engine exhaust instead of or in addition to using on-board storage tank(s) and/or doser(s) to provide the necessary chemical reagents for purification of the exhaust stream. Systems and methods for generating ammonia and/or hydrogen from engine exhaust in exhaust aftertreatment systems under ambient conditions comprise at least one water-gas shift (WGS) catalyst and at least one ammonia synthesis catalyst (AMS catalyst) positioned downstream of the WGS catalyst. The WGS catalyst is configured, using the engine exhaust gas as an input, to generate hydrogen used by the AMS catalyst as inputs to generate ammonia and/or hydrogen. The ammonia and/or hydrogen thus generated are used downstream in ammonia- and/or hydrogen-based selective catalytic reduction catalysts (SCR).

An HHO gas stream for use in an internal combustion engine is heated by heat exchange from with an exhaust gas stream from the internal combustion engine.

An engine system may include an intake line, and a cylinder deactivation (CDA) device selectively deactivating a portion of combustion chambers in the engine. The engine system may further include a first exhaust manifold connected to a first plurality of combustion chambers mounted with the CDA device, a second exhaust manifold connected to a second plurality of combustion chambers without the CDA device, a first exhaust line connected to the first exhaust manifold, a second exhaust line connected to the second exhaust manifold, and a third exhaust line connected with the first and second exhaust lines through an exhaust gas processing device. In addition, a turbocharger including a turbine is mounted at the first exhaust line and rotated by exhaust gas. An air injection device may supply air to the second exhaust manifold or the second exhaust line in a catalyst heating mode of the exhaust gas processing device.

An internal combustion engine, ICE, system for a vehicle includes an ICE operable on hydrogen; an exhaust gas aftertreatment system, EATS, arranged in an exhaust gas circuit downstream the ICE, said EATS having at least one NOx reduction device and/or a particulate filter, and an exhaust gas water recovery, EWR, system arranged at least partly downstream the EATS in the exhaust gas circuit, said EWR system having at least a primary exhaust cooler and a water separator; a waste heat recovery, WHR, system for providing a rankine cycle, said WHR system being arranged to transport a working fluid, WF, through the primary exhaust cooler of the EWR system; a low temperature coolant circuit in fluid communication with an exhaust condenser of the EWR system; and a water management system arranged to collect water from the EWR system and transport water to at least one combustion chamber of the ICE.

A dual-chamber electrolysis vessel safely stores HHO gas for use by an internal combustion engine.

Safety of vehicles employing an electrolysis generator is improved by a rollover abatement system.

HHO gas is introduced to a diesel particulate filter to improve combustion of a fuel to aid in regeneration.

A dual-chamber onboard electrolysis system is configured to produce HHO gas for heavy duty trucking applications.

An HHO gas stream for use in an internal combustion engine is heated by heat exchange from with an exhaust gas stream from the internal combustion engine.

Timing of HHO gas injection into a 4-stroke engine is optimized based on engine operating parameters to improve fuel economy.