The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of the length L extending between substrate ends a and b and three washcoat zones A, B and C wherein washcoat zone A comprises one or more first platinum group metals and extends starting from substrate end a over a part of the length L, washcoat zone C comprises one or more first platinum group metals and extends starting from substrate end b over a part of the length L, and washcoat zone B comprises the same components as washcoat zone A and in addition, one or more second platinum group metals and extends between washcoat zones A and C, wherein L=L.sub.A+L.sub.B+L.sub.C, wherein L.sub.A is the length of washcoat zone A, L.sub.B is the length of substrate length B and L.sub.C is the length of substrate length C.

The present invention relates to a polymeric gel comprising crosslink points, which are dissociated in response to nitrogen monoxide, and to a method for preparing a hydrogel, the method comprising the steps of: a) polymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising a monofunctional hydrophilic monomer and a monomer comprising a plurality of functional groups comprising an o-phenylenediamine residue; and b) separating a hydrogel formed by the polymerization.

The present invention relates to an exhaust reduction composition containing silicon carbide particles, alumina particles, and neodymium particles. When the exhaust reduction composition according to the present invention is mixed with the cooling water of an internal combustion engine, there is an advantage of enabling the discharge of exhaust material to be reduced.

A composite oxidation catalyst for use in an exhaust system for treating an exhaust gas produced by a vehicular compression ignition internal combustion engine is disclosed. The composite oxidation catalyst comprises a honeycomb flow-through substrate monolith and two catalyst washcoat zones arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent having high hydrocarbon adsorbing properties even after exposed to a high temperature/high humidity reducing atmosphere, includes a FAU type zeolite having in ESR measurement a spin concentration of a least 1.010{circumflex over ()}19 (spins/g) and a ratio of a peak intensity at a magnetic field of at least 260 mT and at most 270 mT to a peak intensity at a magnetic field of at least 300 mT and at most 320 mT of at least 0.25 and at most 0.50 and containing bivalent copper. The hydrocarbon adsorbent may be used for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons to be exposed to a high temperature/high humidity environment, and may be used particularly for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, such as an automobile exhaust gas.

This disclosure is directed to catalyst compositions, catalytic articles for purifying exhaust gas emissions and methods of making and using the same. In particular, the disclosure relates to a catalytic article including a catalytic material on a substrate, wherein the catalytic material has a first layer and a second layer. The first layer provides effective lean NO.sub.x trap functionality and the second layer provides effective three-way conversion of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x).

The present invention relates to a four-way conversion catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine, the catalyst comprising a porous wall-flow filter substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by porous internal walls of the porous wallflow filter substrate, wherein the plurality of passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, wherein the interface between the passages and the porous internal walls is defined by the surface of the internal walls; wherein the porous internal walls comprise pores which comprise an oxidic component comprising a first refractory metal oxide, said first refractory metal oxide comprising aluminum, said oxidic component having a platinum group metal content in the range of from 0 to 0.001 weight-% based on the total weight of the oxidic component; wherein the catalyst further comprises a first three-way conversion catalytic coating, at least weight-% thereof being comprised in the pores of the internal walls, said first three-way conversion catalytic coating comprising an oxygen storage compound and a platinum group metal supported on a second refractory metal oxide.

Methods and systems are provided for an auto-ignition internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust gas recirculation arrangement, an intake system, and an exhaust gas discharge system for the discharge of exhaust gases, in which the internal combustion engine is operable, at least in a first, stoichiometric operating mode, by way of a spatial ignition method (HCCI mode). For the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas in the first operating mode, a three-way catalytic converter is provided in the exhaust gas discharge system for reducing nitrogen oxides and oxidizing unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. In this way, the auto-ignition internal combustion engine has a greater window of operation in the HCCI mode than conventional auto-ignition internal combustion engines.

The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of the length L extending between substrate ends a and b and two washcoat zones A and B, wherein washcoat zone A comprises a zeolite having a smallest lower channel width of at least 0.4 nm and extends starting from substrate end a over a part of the length L, and washcoat zone B comprises the same components as washcoat A and palladium and extends from substrate end b over a part of the length L, wherein L=L.sub.A+L.sub.B, wherein L.sub.A is the length of washcoat zone A and L.sub.B is the length of substrate length B.

Methods and systems are featured for reducing harmful exhaust gas components of combustion devices such as gasoline-powered combustion engines (e.g., predominately stoichiometric running engines). The methods and systems include an underbody combination of a hydrocarbon trap (HCT), suited for cold start hydrocarbon adsorption, as well as an associated NOx trap. The system is inclusive of a control unit for extending a lean exhaust condition reaching the desorbing HCT as to avoid a deficiency in oxygen during the time period of HCT desorption. The system is also inclusive of one or more TWCs as in one associated with the underbody HCT-NOx-trap combination and/or one positioned in a close coupled position. Platinum group metals as in Pd, Rh and Pt are also featured on one, two or all three of the HCT, NOx-trap, and TWC when present.