Provided are novel synthesis techniques for producing pure phase aluminosilicate zeolite and a catalyst comprising the phase pure zeolite in combination with a metal, and methods of using the same.

A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end with an axial length L; an inlet catalyst layer beginning at the inlet end and extending for less than the axial length L, wherein the inlet catalyst layer comprises an inlet palladium component; an outlet catalyst layer beginning at the outlet end and extending for less than the axial length L, wherein the outlet catalyst layer comprises an outlet rhodium component; and wherein the outlet catalyst layer overlaps with the inlet catalyst layer.

A composite oxidation catalyst (18, 20) for use in an exhaust system for treating an exhaust gas produced by a vehicular compression ignition internal combustion engine (30) and upstream of a particulate matter filter (44, 50) in the exhaust system comprises a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); and three or more catalyst washcoat zones (1, 2, 3; or 1, 2, 3, 4) arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L.sub.1, wherein L.sub.1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end by a first end (19, 21) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L.sub.2, wherein L.sub.2<L, wherein the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) comprises a first refractory metal oxide support material and two or more platinum group metal components supported thereon comprising both platinum and palladium at a weight ratio of platinum to palladium of ≥1; the second catalyst washcoat zone (2) comprises a second refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon; and a third catalyst washcoat zone (3) comprising a third refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon is defined at a second end thereof by the second substrate end (O), wherein a total platinum group metal loading in the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) defined in grams of platinum group metal per cubic foot of substrate volume (g/l) (g/ft.sup.3) is greater than a total platinum group metal loading in the second catalyst washcoat zone (2), wherein a total platinum group metal loading in the third catalyst washcoat zone (3) defined in grams of platinum group metal per cubic foot of substrate volume (g/l) (g/ft.sup.3) is less than the total platinum group metal loading in the second catalyst washcoat zone (2) and wherein the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) comprises one or more first alkaline earth metal components supported on the first refractory metal oxide support material.

An exhaust gas purification apparatus includes a three-way catalyst. The three-way catalyst includes a downstream catalyst layer and an upstream catalyst layer. The downstream catalyst layer is to be provided in an exhaust pipe. The downstream catalyst layer contains a noble metal material containing at least one of Pd, Rh, or Pt, and an OSC material containing at least ceria. The upstream catalyst layer is to be provided in the exhaust pipe closer to an engine than the downstream catalyst layer is. The upstream catalyst layer contains the noble metal material and the OSC material. The upstream catalyst layer contains the ceria at a content less than a content of the ceria in the downstream catalyst layer.

An exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a jacket heating conductor element (12) including a jacket (16) and with an electrical heating conductor (14), which extends in the jacket and is enclosed by insulating material (18). A heat transfer surface formation (20) is arranged on, and in heat transfer contact with, an outer side of the jacket. The heat transfer surface formation includes a heat transfer element with a meandering extent along the jacket heating conductor element with a plurality of heat transfer element sections (32), which pass over into one another in bent areas (30) and are arranged following one another in a longitudinal direction of the jacket heating conductor element. Each heat transfer element section in association with the jacket heating conductor element has a passage opening (34), through which the jacket heating conductor element passes.

This invention provides means and a method to eliminate emissions from an internal combustion engine during cold-starts and warm-starts. An oxidizer intake valve external to the engine head and an exhaust valve following the after-treatment system and condensing heat exchanger are closed, thus sealing all gasses inside the engine and the exhaust after-treatment system before starting the engine. Oxygen and hydrogen are used as the oxidizer and fuel to start this engine and operate this engine until the exhaust after-treatment systems have reached their required operating temperatures. This emissions-free startup system works equally well on two, four, six, or eight stroke engines, one or multiple cylinder engines, and spark or compression ignition engines. This invention also provides a means and method to clean the interior of an engine and the after-treatment systems of soot, particulate, and the catalytic surfaces without disassembling the engine or the after-treatment systems.

A nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and hydrocarbon (HC) storage catalyst for treating an exhaust gas flow is provided. The NO.sub.x and HC storage catalyst includes (a) a zeolite, (b) noble metal atoms, and (c) a metal oxide, a non-metal oxide, or a combination thereof. One or more of the noble metal atoms is present in a complex with the metal oxide, the non-metal oxide or a combination thereof. The complex is dispersed within a cage of the zeolite. Methods of preparing the NO.sub.x and HC storage catalyst and methods of using the NO.sub.x and HC storage catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream flowing from a vehicle internal combustion engine during a period following a cold-start of the engine are also provided.

An exhaust after treatment system provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, comprising an adsorption layer having the function of adsorbing hydrocarbons in the exhaust, a catalyst layer arranged at the same position as the adsorption layer in the direction of flow of exhaust or at the downstream side from the adsorption layer and having an oxidation function of oxidizing the hydrocarbons, and a thermal energy generator generating thermal energy, in the thermal energy generated by the thermal energy generator, the thermal energy supplied to the catalyst layer being made larger than the thermal energy supplied to the adsorption layer.

The disclosure relates to a method of operating a drive of a mining machine, in particular of a mining excavator, a mining loader, or a mining tipper, comprising at least one diesel engine and at least one exhaust gas purification device. The disclosure is further directed to a corresponding mining machine that can be operated in accordance with the method.

A method for detecting a gas sample includes the following steps of: providing a carbon aerogel sleeve; introducing a gas sample to the carbon aerogel sleeve, and then sequentially extracting, concentrating, activating, and re-concentrating the gas sample adsorbed by the carbon aerogel and detecting a concentration of the re-concentrated gas sample by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS); and extracting the carbon aerogel for several hours with reflux in a dichloromethane solvent and a n-hexane solvent several times per hour to remove the residual gas sample, and then drying the extracted carbon aerogel for reuse, wherein the dichloromethane solvent and the n-hexane solvent are at a volume ratio of 0.001-1000.