A non-uniform displacement engine control system with different control modes based on a state of charge (SOC) of a battery, the system includes a non-uniform displacement engine including a plurality of cylinders, the cylinders comprising at least two sizes of cylinders having different displacements, a motor connected to a driving shaft of the engine, a battery for supplying electrical energy to the motor, and a motor control device for controlling the motor, wherein the motor control device controls the motor to compensate for a difference in torque due to different displacements of the cylinders such that a sum of engine torque and motor torque in explosion stroke of each cylinder is uniform, and the motor control device has a charge intention mode or a discharge intention mode based on the SOC of the battery.

A non-uniform displacement engine control system with different control modes based on a state of charge (SOC) of a battery, the system includes a non-uniform displacement engine including a plurality of cylinders, the cylinders comprising at least two sizes of cylinders having different displacements, a motor connected to a driving shaft of the engine, a battery for supplying electrical energy to the motor, and a motor control device for controlling the motor, wherein the motor control device controls the motor to compensate for a difference in torque due to different displacements of the cylinders such that a sum of engine torque and motor torque in explosion stroke of each cylinder is uniform, and the motor control device has a charge intention mode or a discharge intention mode based on the SOC of the battery.

In some aspects, reciprocating engines can include a drive mechanism for generating a rotational motion output from reciprocating piston assembly, where the drive mechanism includes an axially translating y-axis component to reciprocate along a y-axis with the piston assembly; an x-axis component: i) configured to reciprocate substantially perpendicularly to the y-axis, ii) having an internal ring gear, and iii) having an orbital engagement component substantially concentric with the internal ring gear; an output shaft assembly having an output pinion gear engaging tangentially with the internal ring gear; and a stationary engagement component substantially concentric with the output shaft assembly, the stationary engagement component interfacing with the orbital engagement component, the interfacing between the stationary engagement component and the orbital engagement component applying a force to the x-axis component to maintain contact between the internal ring gear and the output pinion gear.

In some aspects, reciprocating engines can include a drive mechanism for generating a rotational motion output from reciprocating piston assembly, where the drive mechanism includes an axially translating y-axis component to reciprocate along a y-axis with the piston assembly; an x-axis component: i) configured to reciprocate substantially perpendicularly to the y-axis, ii) having an internal ring gear, and iii) having an orbital engagement component substantially concentric with the internal ring gear; an output shaft assembly having an output pinion gear engaging tangentially with the internal ring gear; and a stationary engagement component substantially concentric with the output shaft assembly, the stationary engagement component interfacing with the orbital engagement component, the interfacing between the stationary engagement component and the orbital engagement component applying a force to the x-axis component to maintain contact between the internal ring gear and the output pinion gear.

A free-piston linear generator wherein the piston is a magnet propelled into reciprocating motion inside a non-conducting cylinder around which is wrapped one or more induction coils. The magnet-piston may be propelled into motion using either internal combustion of a diesel aerosol in a two-stroke or 4-stroke configuration, with ignition provided by compression, or by steam pressure provided by an external boiler. Sensor-controlled exhaust, fuel-intake, and air-intake valves are located at either end of the cylinder, although only a single intake valve would be required in a steam version. As the magnet-piston moves in the cylinder, the power stroke on one side of the magnet-piston is the compression stroke on the other side. The movement of the magnet-piston induces an electric current in the induction coil, by which energy is drawn from the engine as useful work.

A free-piston linear generator wherein the piston is a magnet propelled into reciprocating motion inside a non-conducting cylinder around which is wrapped one or more induction coils. The magnet-piston may be propelled into motion using either internal combustion of a diesel aerosol in a two-stroke or 4-stroke configuration, with ignition provided by compression, or by steam pressure provided by an external boiler. Sensor-controlled exhaust, fuel-intake, and air-intake valves are located at either end of the cylinder, although only a single intake valve would be required in a steam version. As the magnet-piston moves in the cylinder, the power stroke on one side of the magnet-piston is the compression stroke on the other side. The movement of the magnet-piston induces an electric current in the induction coil, by which energy is drawn from the engine as useful work.

There is thus provided, in accordance with achieving a novel embodiment, as a rotary shaft turning force containment. This apparatus has a central component on the outer perimeter of a large circular gear assembly at a distance of its rotary shaft, plurality of individual cylinders such as internal combustion cylinders or steam cylinders are deployed angular acceleration uniformly fixedly attached on the circumference of the said embodiments frame to operate at a distance of said rotary shaft. The rotary shaft at the center of a large circular gear assembly whereby turned by smaller gears by means of linkage theretrough the said cylinders piston rod assembly. The idea behind the cylinders deployed at a distance of the rotary shaft is to take advantage of the mechanical leverage to generate maximum torque force with minimum effort. A microprocessor and associated memory are vital means of controlling rpm in communication with the embodiments.

There is thus provided, in accordance with achieving a novel embodiment, as a rotary shaft turning force containment. This apparatus has a central component on the outer perimeter of a large circular gear assembly at a distance of its rotary shaft, plurality of individual cylinders such as internal combustion cylinders or steam cylinders are deployed angular acceleration uniformly fixedly attached on the circumference of the said embodiments frame to operate at a distance of said rotary shaft. The rotary shaft at the center of a large circular gear assembly whereby turned by smaller gears by means of linkage theretrough the said cylinders piston rod assembly. The idea behind the cylinders deployed at a distance of the rotary shaft is to take advantage of the mechanical leverage to generate maximum torque force with minimum effort. A microprocessor and associated memory are vital means of controlling rpm in communication with the embodiments.

An engine can include at least one piston, a block, a fluid delivery system, and an output shaft. The block can define at least one cylinder. The piston can be received in the cylinder. The piston can be operable to reciprocally move rectilinearly while positioned in the cylinder. The fluid delivery system can be operable to communicate air and combustible fuel to the cylinder. The piston can be operable to compress the air and combustible fuel. The output shaft can be driven in motion by the piston and extend beyond the block to a distal end. The output shaft is limited to rectilinear movement.

A combustible fluid-operated orbital engine having sets of cooperating cylinder and piston members with respective parallel axes of rotation. Respective cylinder and piston carrier wheels with respective axes of rotation parallel to the piston/cylinder axes of rotation carrying the pistons/cylinders orbitally and at all times in opposed relation on a common longitudinal axis along intersecting counter paths. Redundant belts/sprockets supported by the cylinder and piston carrier wheels rotate the pistons/cylinders counter to their circular motion direction to maintain their opposed relation for their periodic interfittment when their respective paths intersect. A combustible fluid supply is provided to the cylinder member for combustion coincident with the periodic interfittment. An air supply is provided to the cylinder member for purging exhaust gases and/or supercharging combustion gases. A sealing system that includes a non-metallic flexible seal is located either proximate the entry of each cylinder or proximate an end portion of each piston.