A vehicle system includes a tank for storing an aqueous solution; and a UV light decontamination module configured for decontaminating aqueous solution stored in the tank. The UV light decontamination module is arranged in a wall of the tank. The UV light decontamination module includes a light source compartment which is accessible from an external area outside of the tank; and a light transmission member configured to transmit UV light from the light source compartment to a liquid space in fluid communication with aqueous solution stored in the tank. The light source compartment includes a light source to emit UV light through the light transmission member to the liquid space.

A controller for an internal combustion engine is configured to execute a first injection process that causes a water injection valve to inject water when an intake valve is open and a second injection process that causes the water injection valve to inject water when the intake valve is closed. The controller is further configured to set a pressure of the water supplied to the water injection valve to be higher in the second injection process than in the first injection process.

A radially deformable volume splitter of an emulsion injection common rail for a fuel injection system of a spark ignition engine. The volume splitter may be tubular and elongate, extending along a longitudinal axis from a first end to a second end. The volume splitter may comprise: a deformable longitudinal slot operable to radially deform the volume splitter from a first state for insertion into a cavity of the emulsion injection common rail to a second state for use inside the cavity; and a set of grooves, arranged on an outer surface of the volume splitter, for connecting an inlet of the cavity to one or more outlets of the cavity, in use.

A radially deformable volume splitter of an emulsion injection common rail for a fuel injection system of a spark ignition engine. The volume splitter may be tubular and elongate, extending along a longitudinal axis from a first end to a second end. The volume splitter may comprise: a deformable longitudinal slot operable to radially deform the volume splitter from a first state for insertion into a cavity of the emulsion injection common rail to a second state for use inside the cavity; and a set of grooves, arranged on an outer surface of the volume splitter, for connecting an inlet of the cavity to one or more outlets of the cavity, in use.

An internal combustion engine includes an asynchronous injection valve configured to inject water into an intake port when one or more intake valves are closed and a synchronous injection valve configured to inject water into the intake port when the one or more intake valves are open. The asynchronous injection valve and the synchronous injection valve are configured to have injection characteristics that are different between the asynchronous injection valve and the synchronous injection valve.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprises a combustion cylinder and a compression cylinder arranged to receive air and compress the air to provide a compressed working fluid to the combustion cylinder for combustion. The compression cylinder is coupled to a water reservoir. The engine further comprises a controller arranged to receive an indication of at least one parameter associated with the engine and/or a fluid associated therewith, and control delivery of the mass of water delivered to the compression cylinder based on the indication of the at least one parameter such that the total mass of water in the compressed working fluid at the end of the compression stroke results in a level of water concentration in the compressed working fluid that is less than a threshold water concentration level.

A method of operating an engine includes igniting a combustible mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine, which produces exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are ejected into an exhaust manifold of the engine to create a primary exhaust stream. A portion of the exhaust gases is separated from the primary exhaust stream to create a secondary exhaust stream. Air and fuel are then mixed with the secondary exhaust stream to form a reformer feed mixture. The reformer feed mixture is reacted in a catalytic reformer to create a reformate exhaust stream, which is then mixed with an intake air stream to create a mixed air stream. The mixed air stream is the fed to the combustion chamber of the engine as the combustible mixture.

The invention includes methods and devices for preventing excessive NOx formation during the combustion event of a compression-ignition engine with any combustible fuel (diesel, Jet-A, JP8, bio fuel, etc).

Operating an internal combustion engine system includes feeding a stream of pressurized intake air to a plurality of cylinders in an engine for combustion with a methanol fuel. An engine parameter indicative of at least one of an exhaust NOx level or a change to the exhaust NOx level of the engine is monitored, and water injected into an intake conduit for the engine based on the monitored engine parameter to limit the exhaust NOx level of the engine. Related apparatus and control logic is disclosed.

An exchangeable filter of a treatment device has a housing with a housing pot and a housing cover connected to the open side of the housing pot. The exchangeable filter is connectable to a connecting head of the treatment device with a bayonet-type connecting device. The connecting device has a housing connecting part on the housing interacting with a head connecting part of the connecting head for connecting the connecting device. The housing has an inlet for a fluid to be treated connectable to a supply conduit of the treatment head and an outlet for the treated fluid connectable to a discharge conduit of the treatment head. The housing pot has a rim at the open side of the housing pot. The rim radially outwardly surrounds the housing connecting part and axially projects past the housing connecting part in a direction away from the housing bottom.