A method of controlling water injection in an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle in case of freezing cold weather. The method includes: controlling the quality of the water, having a first sub-step of disapproving the quality of the water if the electrical conductivity σ of the water is not zero nor close to zero when the temperature T of the water is 0° C. or less and a second sub-step of approving the quality of the water if the electrical conductivity σ of the water is zero or close to zero when the temperature T of the water is higher than −4° C., preferably higher than −2° C. The method further includes a second sub-step of preventing water injection if the quality of the water is disapproved and a third step of allowing water injection if the quality of the water is approved.

A fuel control system (300) for fuel consumption calculation for a fuel and water mixture is provided. The fuel control system (300) includes a mixer (330), a fuel source (310) fluidly coupled to the mixer (330), the fuel source (310) being configured to measure a flow of fuel to the mixer (330), a water source (315) fluidly coupled to the mixer (330), the water source (315) being configured to measure a flow of water to the mixer (330), and a mixture flow meter (5) fluidly coupled to the mixer (330). The mixture flow meter (5) is configured to receive and measure properties of a fuel/water mixture from the mixer (330).

The present invention relates to a vehicle system (80) configured for injecting an aqueous solution in an air intake line (12) upstream of a combustion chamber (14) of an internal combustion engine, or in the combustion chamber (14) of the internal combustion engine, said vehicle system (80) comprising the following constituents: ⋅a tank (16) to store an aqueous solution; ⋅a pump (18); ⋅an air intake line (12) upstream of a combustion chamber (14) of an internal combustion engine; ⋅one or more injectors (20) configured for injecting aqueous solution in the air intake line (12), in the combustion chamber (14) or both; ⋅a feed line (22) configured in for feeding said injector (20) with aqueous solution pumped by the pump (18). In the vehicle system, at least a portion of at least one of the vehicle system constituents (16, 18, 12, 20, 22) or of a tank (16) component (24) is made of a polymer material. The polymer material—comprises an effective amount of at least one antimicrobial agent, or—has on its surface a surface coating containing at least one antimicrobial agent, the surface coating comprising between 0.001% by weight and 0.25% by weight of the at least one antimicrobial agent.

A method for determining an air mass in an air separator of a water direct injection system for injecting a water/fuel mixture into a combustion chamber of an engine of a motor vehicle. The air separator is disposed between a water pump for delivering water of the water/fuel mixture and a high-pressure pump for feeding the water/fuel mixture to a high-pressure injector for injecting the water/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. The method includes increasing a pressure of the water from a first pressure value to a second pressure value by the water pump, determining a water volume delivered by the water pump during the increasing of the pressure of the water by the water pump, and determining the air mass in the air separator on a basis of the determined water volume delivered by the water pump.

A method for determining an air mass in an air separator of a water direct injection system for injecting a water/fuel mixture into a combustion chamber of an engine of a motor vehicle. The air separator is disposed between a water pump for delivering water of the water/fuel mixture and a high-pressure pump for feeding the water/fuel mixture to a high-pressure injector for injecting the water/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. The method includes increasing a pressure of the water from a first pressure value to a second pressure value by the water pump, determining a water volume delivered by the water pump during the increasing of the pressure of the water by the water pump, and determining the air mass in the air separator on a basis of the determined water volume delivered by the water pump.

A component, which can be in the form of a fuel line or fuel distributor, is used for a fuel injection system, which is used for injecting fuel or a mixture of fuel and water having a variable water content. The component has a main body on which is provided a high-pressure inlet and at least one high-pressure outlet, the fuel, respectively the mixture being passable from the high-pressure inlet through an inner space of the main body to the least one high-pressure outlet, and an insertion member being configured in the inner space. The insertion member is at least partially made of at least a material having a modulus of compression specified to at least substantially correspond to or be lower than that of the fuel, respectively the mixture and/or lower than 30 GPa.

A compression ignition engine system allows use of hydrous fuels, in particular hydrous biofuels, with high water content (e.g., 20-85% water). The hydrous fuel is pressurized, and also preferably heated via the engine's exhaust gas, to increase its enthalpy, and is then directly injected into the engine cylinder(s) near top dead center. The system provides brake thermal efficiency increases of 20% or more versus a comparable system using conventional diesel fuel, while allowing the use of inexpensive undistilled or lightly distilled biofuels.

An internal combustion engine having an exhaust duct through which pass exhaust gases; and a water-based operating liquid system which includes a tank, and a heating device, which is coupled to the tank and is designed to heat water-based operating liquid. The heating device includes a heating chamber having an inlet opening designed to receive ambient air and that allows heat to be transferred from the walls of the exhaust duct to the air received from the environment and comprises an outlet opening for the heated air; and a heat exchanger, which receives the heated air and is thermally coupled to the tank so as to release part of the heat of the heated air to the water-based operating liquid contained in the tank.

An engine system includes a combustion chamber including a cylinder formed in an engine and a piston configured to reciprocate inside the cylinder, a spark plug disposed in a ceiling part of the combustion chamber, and a water injection device configured to inject water into the combustion chamber through a plurality of nozzle holes facing the inside of the combustion chamber. The piston has a cavity in an upper surface thereof. The water injection device injects water into the cavity in a compression stroke at a timing when an extension of axes of at least some of the nozzle holes intersects the cavity. The cavity has a bottom part where the water injected by the water injection device collides, and a raising part configured to raise the water spreading along the bottom part toward the water injection device.

A water-conveying module for injecting water into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a conveying unit, which has a pump for conveying the water from a tank. The water can be conveyed by the pump to an injection point along a dosing line. The conveying unit has a water outlet through which water is conveyed out of the conveying unit. The water outlet is formed by a connection plug onto which the dosing line can be plugged, Water can be conveyed from the conveying unit into the dosing line along the connection plug that has a section which can be flowed through by the water and which is part of the fluid line from the conveying unit to the dosing line.