A system for optimizing performance of an engine, including an intake manifold with an upper mount, plenum floor defining a plenum opening, lower mount defining intake openings, and intake runners communicating between the plenum and intake openings. The upper mount may be coupled to an air inlet device and the lower mount may be coupled to a cylinder head. A mountable device has an upper portion and lower portion and is configured to be inserted through the upper mount of the intake manifold to be coupled to the plenum floor so the mountable device covers the plenum opening and at least the upper portion of the mountable device remains between the upper mount and the plenum floor. A fixation system is configured align the mountable device to the intake manifold and to prevent the mountable device from decoupling from the plenum floor during engine operation. The mountable device is interchangeable without removing the intake manifold from the cylinder head.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

An engine component includes a tubular member, of stratified layers, curved on both ends and comprising outwardly protruded nozzles located on one side. Each of the nozzles comprising an elongated body and a tip defining apertures. The tubular member forms a nitrous oxide delivery apparatus configured to increase an internal combustion engine's power output and is located in a cavity of an intake manifold such that there is no seal between the member and the manifold.

An engine component includes a tubular member, of stratified layers, curved on both ends and comprising outwardly protruded nozzles located on one side. Each of the nozzles comprising an elongated body and a tip defining apertures. The tubular member forms a nitrous oxide delivery apparatus configured to increase an internal combustion engine's power output and is located in a cavity of an intake manifold such that there is no seal between the member and the manifold.

Techniques for separating a fuel on-board a vehicle include mixing an input fuel stream and a fluid solvent; separating the mixture into a first liquid fuel stream and a second liquid fuel stream, the first liquid fuel stream including a first portion of the input fuel stream defined by a first auto-ignition characteristic value and the fluid solvent, the second liquid fuel stream including a second portion of the input fuel stream defined by a second auto-ignition characteristic value that is different than the first auto-ignition characteristic value; separating the first liquid fuel stream into the fluid solvent and the first portion of the input fuel stream; directing the first portion of the input fuel stream to a first fuel tank on the vehicle; and directing the second portion of the input fuel stream to a second fuel tank on the vehicle.

Provided is a hydrogen reformer using exhaust gas, comprising: a catalytic reaction unit which generates a reforming gas containing hydrogen when exhaust gas generated in an engine and fuel are supplied thereto; and a heat exchange chamber which is mounted on an outer surface of the catalytic reaction unit and exchanges heat between the exhaust gas and the catalytic reaction unit to supply heat that is required for an endothermic reaction of the catalytic reaction unit, wherein heat of the exhaust gas is used for the endothermic reaction of a catalyst, such that a separate heat source for the endothermic reaction is unnecessary.

A control device for an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion control part controlling a fuel feed system and ozone feed system so as to form a difference in ozone concentration space-wise or time-wise in a combustion chamber 11 so that premixed gas burns by compression ignition in stages in the combustion chamber and an ozone malfunction judging part judging malfunction of the ozone feed system. The ozone malfunction judging part judges that the ozone feed system is malfunctioning when the self-ignition timing is retarded from the presumed self-ignition timing and the combustion noise is larger than the presumed combustion noise or when the self-ignition timing is advanced from the presumed self-ignition timing and the combustion noise is smaller than the presumed combustion noise.

A hyperbaric fuel system (10a, 10b) produces hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) for combustion reactions of compression or spark ignition engines and improves fossil fuel efficiency without requiring major changes to existing fuel systems. The hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) decreases the NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbon particulate matter, and reduces the consumption of liquid fuel (26). The systems produces hydrogen gas (18) and dissolves the hydrogen gas (18) in the liquid fuel (26) using several chambers, including a hyperbaric mixing chamber (58), between the liquid fuel supply and a fuel pump (28) supplying the hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) to fuel injectors (40). Unused hydrogen gas (18) and hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) is recirculated to minimize loss of efficiency. The system preferably includes a water reservoir and electrolysis device to generate the hydrogen gas.

A hyperbaric fuel system (10a, 10b) produces hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) for combustion reactions of compression or spark ignition engines and improves fossil fuel efficiency without requiring major changes to existing fuel systems. The hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) decreases the NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbon particulate matter, and reduces the consumption of liquid fuel (26). The systems produces hydrogen gas (18) and dissolves the hydrogen gas (18) in the liquid fuel (26) using several chambers, including a hyperbaric mixing chamber (58), between the liquid fuel supply and a fuel pump (28) supplying the hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) to fuel injectors (40). Unused hydrogen gas (18) and hydrogenated liquid fuel (30) is recirculated to minimize loss of efficiency. The system preferably includes a water reservoir and electrolysis device to generate the hydrogen gas.

The present disclosure provides fuel additives including a quaternary ammonium salt formed by reacting an alkyl carboxylate with a compound formed from a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent reacted with a select amine. Also provided herein are fuel compositions including the novel fuel additives and methods of combusting a fuel including the fuel additives herein. The unique quaternary ammonium salts herein are advantageous because they can be made through a simple alkylation process and provide improved detergency at low treat rates by making available a relatively less sterically hindered quaternary nitrogen for detergency activity in the fuel.