Apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may be a pipe that includes heat transfer materials that have a thermal conductivity of greater than 50 Watts per meter Kelvin. Heat transfer materials may include one or more solid heat sinks (that are rigidly connected to each other or to a portion of the pipe), Peltier devices, or loose fill of a desired size or shape. Fill included in the pipe may also absorb particulate matter or volatile organic compounds. As a user burns or vaporizes materials at one end of the pipe and sucks heated smoke or vapor into the pipe, that user may inhale cool and clean smoke or vapor. Methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may allow a controller at the pipe to send sensor or consumption data to other electronic devices when a number of milligrams of a substance inhaled by a patient are monitored.

An aerosol-generating system including a liquid storage portion is provided, the portion including a rigid housing holding a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an opening and a fluid permeable heater assembly including a plurality of electrically conductive filaments, wherein the fluid permeable heater assembly is fixed to the housing and extends across the opening of the housing. The provided heater assembly that extends across an opening of a liquid storage portion allows for a robust construction that is relatively simple to manufacture and allows for a large contact area between the heater assembly and liquid aerosol-forming substrate. The heater assembly may be substantially flat, allowing for simple manufacture.

There is disclosed an aerosol delivery device comprising: a first aerosol generator to generate a first aerosol from a first aerosol precursor and to introduce said first aerosol into a first fluid flow pathway, wherein said first aerosol is sized for pulmonary penetration; a second aerosol generator to generate a second aerosol from a second aerosol precursor and to introduce the second aerosol into a second fluid flow pathway, wherein said second aerosol generator comprises a Venturi aperture to dispense and aerosolise the in second aerosol precursor in the second aerosol generator, wherein the second aerosol precursor is a liquid, and wherein the second aerosol is sized to inhibit pulmonary penetration; wherein the second aerosol is transmissible within at least one of: a mammalian oral cavity and a mammalian nasal cavity, and the second aerosol comprising an active component for activating at least one of: one or more taste receptors in said oral cavity and one or more olfactory receptors in said nasal cavity.

Systems and methods producing a customised patient respiratory interface are disclosed. Data representative of one or more landmark features of a head of a human is obtained. One or more landmark feature locations of the landmark features are identified based on the data. A set of manufacturing specifications for production of the patient respiratory interface component is determined based on the one or more landmark feature locations. The patient respiratory interface component is produced based on the set of manufacturing specifications.

A first source of medical gas has a generally cylindrical male outlet with a cylindrical bore and a threaded outer cylindrical surface. A flexible cylindrical elastomeric medical gas tubing has an input end with a bushing making a flush abutment with the male outlet at the output orifice. An output end attaches to any of a plurality of medical gas utilizing devices, but preferably with a dampening disperser held in position in the space in the vicinity of a patient's nose and mouth. An annular flange of the input end bushing resides within a central cylindrical bored out region extending through the first end and nearly to the second end of a rotatable connector forming an interior surface of a connector with threads coupling with the threads of the male outlet. The second end is an annular abutment against the annular flange holding the input end tubing bushing against the outlet source and providing an airtight coupling. A gripping means is on the exterior surface of the connector.

Dialysis systems and methods for operating dialysis machines (e.g., peritoneal dialysis machines) for conducting dialysis treatments are disclosed. The dialysis system may include a dialysis machine for transferring dialysate to a patient from a dialysate source. The dialysate may flow from the dialysate source through a cartridge or cassette (e.g., a disposable cartridge or cassette) positionable within the dialysis machine. The cassette includes a fluid flow channel. The dialysis machine includes a heating chamber for in-line heating of the dialysate in the fluid flow channel. The fluid flow channel is arranged and configured to provide turbulent flow of the dialysate through the fluid flow channel to provide increased heat transfer from the heating chamber to the dialysate.

A gas conduit for respiratory apparatus includes a lumen for passage of a breathable gas to a patient and a flexible conduit wall surrounding the lumen. The flexible conduit wall has a humidification apparatus for delivering water vapour into the gas passing through the lumen.

A pulmonary drug delivery system is disclosed, including a breath-powered, dry powder inhaler, with or without a cartridge for delivering a dry powder formulation. The inhaler and cartridge can be provided with a drug delivery formulation comprising, for example, a diketopiperazine and an active ingredient, including, small organic molecules, peptides and proteins, including, hormones such as insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 for the treatment of disease and disorders, for example, diseases and disorders, including endocrine disease such as diabetes and/or obesity.

A humidification device that includes a case containing a humidification space in which water vapor is introduced to a feed gas to be fed to a user. heating unit configured to acquire electric energy using an electromagnetic induction phenomenon to generate heat is disposed in the humidification space. The humidification device further includes a coil configured to transfer energy to the heating unit by the electromagnetic induction phenomenon, an insulating unit configured to spatially separate the heating unit and the coil to prevent electrical contact therebetween and a liquid supply unit configured to supply, to the heating unit, a liquid to be vaporized into the water vapor. This provides a humidification device that can be made smaller in size and lighter in weight, and that can quickly and sufficiently humidify a gas without heating an entire body of water to be stored, as well as a respiratory assistance device.

A pulmonary drug delivery system is disclosed, including a breath-powered, dry powder inhaler, with or without a cartridge for delivering a dry powder formulation. The inhaler and cartridge can be provided with a drug delivery formulation comprising, for example, a diketopiperazine and an active ingredient, including, small organic molecules, peptides and proteins, including, hormones such as insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 for the treatment of disease and disorders, for example, diseases and disorders, including endocrine disease such as diabetes and/or obesity.