A vehicle component includes a surface that is configured to contact a fuel containing ethanol and zinc ions. A sacrificial carbon layer is disposed on the surface. The sacrificial carbon layer has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 250 nm to less than or equal to about 5 m. The sacrificial carbon layer includes carbon that is configured to complex and solubilize ZnO deposited on the surface, wherein the ZnO forms from the zinc ions carried by the fuel.

Methods and systems are provided for a diesel fuel injector for an internal combustion engine is provided. The diesel fuel injector comprises an injector nozzle body, the injector nozzle body comprising a first thickness of material, wherein an injection passage for injecting fuel using the fuel injector is formed in the first thickness of material, the injection passage defining an opening through which fuel is sprayed from the injector; and a second thickness of material, wherein the second thickness of material forms an outer surface of the injector nozzle body and wherein the second thickness of material extends around the injection passage, spaced apart from the injection passage opening, such that condensation forming on the outer surface of the injector nozzle body is positioned away from the opening of the injection passage. A method of manufacturing a diesel fuel injector is also provided.

Provided is a fuel distribution pipe connected to a fuel pipe and distributes and supplies fuel to a plurality of fuel injection devices, comprising: a tubular base material forming a body of the fuel distribution pipe; and a plating layer formed on a surface of the base material, wherein the base material includes a sealing surface formed on an inner peripheral surface thereof and comes into press-contact with the fuel pipe, and wherein a thickness of the plating layer on the sealing surface is thinner than that of the plating layer on an outer peripheral surface of the fuel distribution pipe.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a high-quality steel fuel-conveying pipe that is highly resistant to corrosive fuel. The method is characterized by including screening and classifying a steel pipe material as one having an initial flaw (such as a fine crack, wrinkle flaw, or weld defect part) exceeding a preset threshold or one having the initial flaw not exceeding the preset threshold on the inner peripheral surface of the pipe material, removing the initial flaw on the inner peripheral surface of the pipe material having the initial flaw not exceeding the threshold by mechanical cutting, and subjecting the inner peripheral surface of the pipe material to a surface treatment such as Ni plating.

Provided is a high-pressure fuel injection pipe with a connection head which achieves an improvement in outer-surface cleanliness and prevention of a decrease in axial force and fastening strength. The pipe having, at a connection end of a narrow-diameter thick-wall steel pipe having a rust-inhibiting coating applied to an outer surface of the pipe, the connection head composed of a spherically-shaped seat surface, an annular flange, and a conical surface and having an outside peripheral surface forming formed into seat surface in a truncated conical shape or truncated arc shape for a mating seat; and a washer fitting in a neck lower part of the connection head and having a rust-inhibiting coating applied to an outer surface of the washer, wherein a contact part between the neck lower part of the connection head and an end part of the washer has a metal-to-metal contact structure without having the rust-inhibiting coating.

A fuel supply system of an engine designed as a gas engine or dual-fuel engine, has at least one solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is designed for introducing gas fuel into charge air or into a charge air line leading to at least one cylinder of the engine. The respective solenoid valve includes a valve body and an actuator with at least one magnetic plate and with at least one coil for actuating the valve body. The at least one solenoid valve of the solenoid valve is formed out of a corrosion-resistant material or is coated with a corrosion-resistant material.

Cleaning, maintaining, refurbishing, and/or diagnosing engine components including fuel system components, e.g., such as fuel-injectors. In one embodiment, a method of cleaning a fuel system component is provided. The method includes supplying a cleaning solution through the fuel system component, discontinuing the supplying of the cleaning solution, repeating the supplying of the cleaning solution and the discontinuing of the supplying of the cleaning solution a plurality of times, decoupling the source of cleaning solution, and connecting a source of fuel to the fuel system component, and supplying fuel through the fuel system component to re-establish fuel-based operation. In additional embodiments, a method of processing a fuel system component while it remains connected to an engine assembly, and a method of diagnosing a defective fuel system component, are provided.

A first member has a plated layer. A second member is pressed against the plated layer and causes a tensile stress in the first member. A breakage probability is a probability of breakage of the plated layer caused by the tensile stress. A characteristic line represents a relationship between an elastic modulus of the plated layer and the breakage probability. A characteristic slope of the characteristic line is a ratio of an increase in the breakage probability to a decrease in the elastic modulus. A characteristic change point appears on the characteristic line at which the elastic slope increases to exceed a predetermined slope as the elastic modulus gradually decreases. A characteristic change elastic modulus is the elastic modulus at the characteristic change point. The plated layer contains at least a chromium component and has the elastic modulus larger than the characteristic change elastic modulus.

Provided is a steel fuel conveying pipe with high quality which has high resistance to corrosive fuel and followability, and allows working after plating. The steel fuel conveying pipe is characterized in that a Ni-plate layer is formed on an inner surface of a steel pipe of base material, the Ni-plated layer is wholly composed of a mutual diffusion layer including the base material and Ni and a non-mutual diffusion layer including only Ni formed on an outermost surface of the diffusion layer, a layer thickness of the non-mutual diffusion layer is 3 m or more, and a total layer thickness of the mutual diffusion layer and the non-mutual diffusion layer is 10 m or more and 25 m or less.

An engine control apparatus controls includes a cleaning mode to clean a deposit generated in an intake system of an engine. The engine control apparatus includes a generation source calculator, a deposit calculator, and a mode controller. The generation source calculator is configured to calculate an attached generation source amount on the basis of a temperature of the intake system. The attached generation source amount is an amount of a generation source, of the deposit, attached to the intake system. The deposit calculator is configured to calculate an attached deposit amount that is an amount of the deposit attached to the intake system, on the basis of the attached generation source amount and the temperature of the intake system. The mode controller is configured to execute the cleaning mode, when the attached deposit amount is greater than an execution threshold.