A rotational mechanical transformer has been arranged for transfer and transformation of velocity, force, angular momentum, torque, energy/work, energy density, and pressure, associated with at least one rotating device. The transformer includes an actuator having at least one cylinder arranged to contain the at least one working fluid, an externally supported shaft and a drive shaft having parallel axes orthogonally displaced by a predetermined displacement, and each respectively connected to at least one connecting arm and at least one additional connecting arm. The at least one cylinder includes at least one actuator rod and at least one blind end each respectively connected with at least one revolving eccenter axle and the at least one drive shaft, and have been arranged to allow for angular displacements of the at least one actuator with respect to the parallel axis.

A rotational mechanical transformer has been arranged for transfer and transformation of velocity, force, angular momentum, torque, energy/work, energy density, and pressure, associated with at least one rotating device. The transformer includes an actuator having at least one cylinder arranged to contain the at least one working fluid, an externally supported shaft and a drive shaft having parallel axes orthogonally displaced by a predetermined displacement, and each respectively connected to at least one connecting arm and at least one additional connecting arm. The at least one cylinder includes at least one actuator rod and at least one blind end each respectively connected with at least one revolving eccenter axle and the at least one drive shaft, and have been arranged to allow for angular displacements of the at least one actuator with respect to the parallel axis.

The present invention relates to a device which applies work to the outside with environmental thermal energy, including a positive feedback heat pump system and a reciprocating multi-stage heat exchange working system. A high temperature heat source and a low temperature heat source are produced using a positive feedback heat pump, and at the same time the reciprocating multistage heat exchange working device applies work with heat energy and cold energy. As we can get several times of heat energy and cold energy when a certain amount of electric energy is consumed by a heat pump, and the thermal efficiency of the reciprocating multistage heat exchange working system is 100% theoretically, so we can get several times of electric energy. That is to say, its output is much bigger than its input, and the device can run without electric energy input, and provide electric energy to the outside.

A motor vehicle structure includes two left and right bell-shaped suspension element supports arranged inside a front compartment close to a bulkhead of the vehicle. The suspension element supports are respectively adjacent to side walls of the front compartment. Each of the suspension element supports includes an internal face opposite the side wall. The structure also includes left and right spacers that extend respectively between the left and right suspension element supports and the rigid cross member, in a substantially longitudinal direction. The spacers are respectively anchored to the internal faces of the two suspension element supports. The spacers each have a skirt-shaped edge that can be applied to the suspension element supports, and a folded edge extending between a free end and an opposing attachment end to be joined to the cross member. The spacers include a central portion joining the folded edge and the skirt-shaped edge together.

The reversible hydraulic pressure converter (1) employing tubular valves includes a medium-pressure stage (44) consisting of a medium-pressure cylinder (2) and a double-acting medium-pressure piston (3) the position of which is sent to a control computer of the converter (19) by a piston position sensor (14), the cylinder (2) and the piston (3) forming two medium-pressure chambers (5) that can be placed in communication with a medium-pressure inlet-outlet circuit (15) by at least one tubular valve (12), the converter (1) also including two high-pressure cylinders (9) each cooperating with a high-pressure piston (8) of smaller diameter and defining two high-pressure chambers (11) that can be placed in communication with a high-pressure inlet-outlet circuit (16) by at least one tubular valve (12), each of the various tubular valves (12) cooperating with an independent valve actuator (13).

A motor vehicle structure includes two left and right bell-shaped suspension element supports arranged inside a front compartment close to a bulkhead of the vehicle. The suspension element supports are respectively adjacent to side walls of the front compartment. Each of the suspension element supports includes an internal face opposite the side wall. The structure also includes left and right spacers that extend respectively between the left and right suspension element supports and the rigid cross member, in a substantially longitudinal direction. The spacers are respectively anchored to the internal faces of the two suspension element supports. The spacers each have a skirt-shaped edge that can be applied to the suspension element supports, and a folded edge extending between a free end and an opposing attachment end to be joined to the cross member. The spacers include a central portion joining the folded edge and the skirt-shaped edge together.

A plunger pump or plunger motor includes a block accommodating a first cylindrical chamber and a plunger movable in this chamber and a drive shaft connected to this plunger, as well as a second cylindrical chamber and a control valve movable in this second cylindrical chamber. Holes O.sub.3 and O.sub.4 can alternately be brought into communication with the connection for the delivery pipe by the plunger and with a connecting hole for a pressure line. The control valve can establish a communication between the hole O.sub.2 and the connecting hole. The drive shaft is connected to a further plunger which is movable in a third cylindrical chamber in which there is a suction hole or delivery hole. The control valve can alternately establish a communication between the suction hole or delivery hole with a connecting hole for a suction pipe and the connecting hole for the pressure line.

A thermal energy storage system comprising a working fluid to store and transfer thermal energy between a heat source and a thermal load and a vessel to store the working fluid. The vessel has an interior region and a floating separator piston in the interior region to separate a hot portion from a cold portion of the working fluid. There is a first manifold thermally coupled to an output of the heat source and to an input of the thermal load and fluidly coupled to the interior region of the vessel and a second manifold thermally coupled to an input of the heat source and an output of the thermal load and fluidly coupled to the interior region of the vessel. There is a controller configured to maintain the working fluid in a liquid state.