Neural stimulator systems with an external magnetic coil to produce changing magnetic fields is applied outside the body, in conjunction with one or more tiny injectable objects that concentrates the induced electric or magnetic field to a highly-targeted location. These systems include a driver circuit for the magnetic coil that allows for high voltage and fast pulses in the coil, while requiring low-voltage power supply that may be powered by a wearable or portable external device, along with the coil and driver circuit.

Techniques for switching an implantable medical device (IMD) from a first mode to a second mode in relation to signals obtained from internal sensors are described. The internal sensors may include a temperature sensor and a biosensor. In some examples, processing circuitry of the IMD may make a first preliminary determination that the IMD is implanted based on a first signal from the temperature sensor. In response to the first preliminary determination being that the IMD is implanted, the processing circuitry may make a second preliminary determination that the IMD is implanted based on a second signal from the biosensor. The processing circuitry may switch the IMD from a first mode to a second mode based on both the first preliminary determination and the second preliminary determination being that the IMD is implanted.

A connector that includes contact assemblies and non-conductive stack spacers separating the contact assemblies from each other, the contact assemblies and the stack spacers defining a connector lumen configured to receive a portion of an electrical stimulation lead. The contact assemblies and stack spacers are brazed together forming a sealed connector stack that resists passage of fluid between the contact assemblies and stack spacers. Alternatively or additionally, the stack spacers are made of a non-conductive ceramic, crystalline, or glass material.

Devices, systems and methods provide forms of asymptomatic diaphragmatic stimulation (ADS) therapy that affect pressures within the intrathoracic cavity, including: 1) dual-pulse ADS therapy, during which a first ADS pulse is delivered during a diastolic phase of a cardiac cycle and a second ADS pulse is delivered during a systolic phase, 2) paired-pulse ADS therapy, during which a first ADS pulse is delivered, closely followed by a second ADS pulse, with the second ADS pulse functioning to extend or enhance a phase of a transient, partial contraction of the diaphragm, and 3) multiple-pulse ADS therapy, during which a stream of ADS pulses is delivered, wherein the time between pulses is based on heart rate. Devices, systems and methods also monitor electromyography (EMG) activity of the diaphragm relative to baseline activity to assess the health of a diaphragm subject to ADS therapy and to adjust ADS therapy parameters or sensing parameters.

Devices, systems and methods provide forms of asymptomatic diaphragmatic stimulation (ADS) therapy that affect pressures within the intrathoracic cavity, including: 1) dual-pulse ADS therapy, during which a first ADS pulse is delivered during a diastolic phase of a cardiac cycle and a second ADS pulse is delivered during a systolic phase, 2) paired-pulse ADS therapy, during which a first ADS pulse is delivered, closely followed by a second ADS pulse, with the second ADS pulse functioning to extend or enhance a phase of a transient, partial contraction of the diaphragm, and 3) multiple-pulse ADS therapy, during which a stream of ADS pulses is delivered, wherein the time between pulses is based on heart rate. Devices, systems and methods also monitor electromyography (EMG) activity of the diaphragm relative to baseline activity to assess the health of a diaphragm subject to ADS therapy and to adjust ADS therapy parameters or sensing parameters.

Apparatus for ophthalmic electrophysiological testing, the apparatus comprising: an EER stimulator for providing an electrical stimulus to an eye so as to evoke an electrophysiological response, wherein the EER stimulator comprises a power source; an amplifier for receiving the electrophysiological response and measuring that response, wherein the amplifier is integrated with the EER stimulator; and at least one switch disposed between the power source and the amplifier for isolating the power source from the amplifier when the electrical stimulus is delivered to the eye.

Apparatus for ophthalmic electrophysiological testing, the apparatus comprising: an EER stimulator for providing an electrical stimulus to an eye so as to evoke an electrophysiological response, wherein the EER stimulator comprises a power source; an amplifier for receiving the electrophysiological response and measuring that response, wherein the amplifier is integrated with the EER stimulator; and at least one switch disposed between the power source and the amplifier for isolating the power source from the amplifier when the electrical stimulus is delivered to the eye.

A functional electrical stimulation (FES) device includes electrodes arranged to apply functional electrical stimulation to a body part of the user. FES stimulation is performed by: receiving values of a set of user metrics for the user; receiving a target position of the body part represented as values for a set of body part position measurements; determining a user-specific energization pattern for producing the target position based on the received target position and the received values of the set of user metrics for the user; and energizing the electrodes of the FES device in accordance with the determined user-specific energization pattern. The determination may utilize an FES calibration database with records having fields containing: values of the set of user metrics for reference users; energization patterns; and values of the set of body part position metrics for positions assumed by the body part in response to applying the energization patterns.

A functional electrical stimulation (FES) device includes electrodes arranged to apply functional electrical stimulation to a body part of the user. FES stimulation is performed by: receiving values of a set of user metrics for the user; receiving a target position of the body part represented as values for a set of body part position measurements; determining a user-specific energization pattern for producing the target position based on the received target position and the received values of the set of user metrics for the user; and energizing the electrodes of the FES device in accordance with the determined user-specific energization pattern. The determination may utilize an FES calibration database with records having fields containing: values of the set of user metrics for reference users; energization patterns; and values of the set of body part position metrics for positions assumed by the body part in response to applying the energization patterns.

Apparatus is provided for treating hyaline cartilage of a subject, the apparatus including a chondral implant, which includes a first exposed electrode surface and which is configured to be implanted in osteochondral tissue of the subject. A second exposed electrode surface is configured to be implanted in a body of the subject. Control circuitry is configured to promote regeneration of the hyaline cartilage by driving the first and the second exposed electrode surfaces to drive nutrients toward the first exposed electrode surface. Other embodiments are also described.