A bypass mechanism for automatic swimming pool cleaners (APCs) is detailed herein. The bypass mechanism may be a valve or other mechanical device that limits operation of the APC by diverting water away from the APC or otherwise ceasing operation of the APC after a predetermined period of time (e.g., after the desired run-time for the APC has been reached). In this way, the bypass mechanism limits the time the APC operates, even if the pump that otherwise would drive the APC remains energized.

A fluid pressure compensation apparatus includes a pipe, a pressure measuring device, a pressure compensating structure and a connecting mechanism. The pressure measuring device in fluid communication with the pipe. The pressure compensating structure is filled with a hydraulic fluid. The connecting mechanism is coupled to the pressure measuring device and coupled to the pressure compensating structure such that changes in pressure within the pipe measured by the pressure measuring device are mechanically transmitted via the connecting mechanism to the pressure compensating structure causing corresponding movement of the hydraulic fluid in and out of the pressure compensating structure.

The invention relates to method of filling a medical washer/disinfector. A desired pump speed of a circulation pump is determined. A predefined filling level associated with the desired pump speed is identified. Liquid is fed into a washing chamber while the circulation pump is running at less than said desired pump speed. While the liquid is continued to be fed so that the liquid level rises, the pump speed is increased based on the rising liquid level until said desired pump speed is reached. When the pump is running at said desired pump speed, it is detected when the liquid has been filled to the predefined filling level, and upon such detection the feeding of the liquid into the washing chamber is interrupted. Then invention also relates to a method of operating a medical washer/disinfector, a control unit and a medical washer/disinfector.

A process and apparatus for cooling a heat generating component of a vehicle comprises a first pump switchable between a normal demand mode and a high demand mode. Coolant is pumped from the first pump through a cooling loop between a heat dissipating device and the heat generating component at a normal demand flowrate in the normal demand mode. Switching the first pump to the high demand mode diverts the coolant to a second pump. The second pump pumping the coolant through the cooling loop at a high demand flowrate.

The present disclosure provides a hand-held swimming pool cleaning apparatus and a corresponding control method. The apparatus includes a housing having at least one water suction inlet and at least one water discharge outlet, a water pump, and a detachable filtering device. The water pump operates in two selectable modes: a filtering mode and a backwashing mode. In the filtering mode, the pump directs water flow through the suction inlet, across the filtering device, and out through the discharge outlet to collect debris. In the backwashing mode, the pump reverses the flow direction, flushing water through the filtering device opposite to the filtering flow, thereby washing and unclogging the filter. This self-cleaning capability eliminates the need for manual filter washing, extends the effective service life of the filtering device, delays clogging, increases the debris collection box capacity, and prolongs continuous operation. Overall, the apparatus improves cleaning efficiency and enhances user convenience.

A method and computer program product for defining a PWM drive signal having a defined voltage potential. The PWM drive signal has a plurality of on portions and a plurality of off portions that define a first duty cycle for regulating, at least in part, a flow rate of a pump assembly. At least a portion of the on portions of the PWM drive signal are pulse width modulated to define a second duty cycle for the at least a portion of the on portions of the PWM drive signal. The second duty cycle regulates, at least in part, the percentage of the defined voltage potential applied to the pump assembly.

A cooling distribution unit includes a primary closed loop, a secondary closed loop, and a heat exchanger configured to receive at least a portion of the primary closed loop, receive at least a portion of the secondary closed loop, and to draw heat away from the portion of the secondary closed loop and conduct the heat to the portion of the primary closed loop. A first pump is connected to the secondary closed loop. A second pump is connected to the secondary closed loop. The cooling distribution unit further includes a plurality of sensors, and a controller. The controller is configured to optimize the operational parameters of a given pump based on the correlation of the heat load of the given pump to the power consumption of the given pump.