The invention provides certain nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and provides novel polymorphic forms of certain nicotine salts. In particular, nicotine salts with mucic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and crystalline polymorphic forms of nicotine 4-acetamidobenzoate, nicotine gentisate, and nicotine 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are described. The invention further provides methods of preparation and characterization of such nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and polymorphic forms thereof. In addition, tobacco products, including smoking articles, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic smoking articles comprising nicotine salts, co-crystals, and/or salt co-crystals are also provided.

The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising second-generation molecules that are superior than TOCILIZUMAB, by altering the amino acid sequences of the variable and constant regions of TOCILIZUMAB, which is a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor IgG1 antibody, to enhance the antigen-neutralizing ability and increase the pharmacokinetics, so that the therapeutic effect is exerted with a less frequency of administration, and the immunogenicity, safety and physicochemical properties (stability and homogeneity) are improved. The present invention also provides methods for producing these pharmaceutical compositions.

The present inventors have successfully generated second-generation molecules that are superior to TOCILIZUMAB by appropriately combining amino acid sequence alterations in the CDR domains, variable regions, and constant regions.

Ophthalmic formulations and uses thereof, for the treatment of dry eye syndrome, wherein an eye drops solution is composed of liposomes built with non hydrogenated phospholipids containing Linseed oil, Vitamin A Palmitate, Vitamin E TPGS and in water phase Vitamin B12 and Pycnogenol.

The presence of Pycnogenols increases the antioxidant capacity in external water phase and the presence of Vitamin E TPGS increases the antioxidant effect on lipophilic phase of liposomes.

The presence of Vitamin E TPGS, inside the liposomes, combined with the presence of Pycnogenol and Vitamin B12 outside the liposomes, have a protective effect (shield) against UV A/UVB rays.

It is further object of the invention, a liposomal eyes drops solution as above described, containing a specific and peculiar system composed of 2-Amino-2(hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol, that act as salt forming agent for Pycnogenol (sparkly water soluble) and borate buffer, in order to improve the filterability of liposomes and have a satisfying filtration procedure to sterilize liposomal eyes drops only by filtration at 0.2 micron, avoiding the steam sterilization that would destroy the other components and liposomes structure.

Provided are compounds that are inhibitors of both rho kinase and of a monoamine transporter (MAT) act to improve the disease state or condition. Further provided are compositions comprising the compounds. Further provided are methods for treating diseases or conditions, the methods comprising administering compounds according to the invention. One such disease may be glaucoma for which, among other beneficial effects, a marked reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) may be achieved.

A method for treatment of irritation or damage to corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells, particularly for irritation or damage to corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells due to severe Sjögren's syndrome, comprising applying topically to an affected eye an aqueous solution of glycerol characterized by a glycerol concentration of >1% (w/v), most preferably 2.5% (w/v). The method is effective even in the case of very low tear formation, and its effectiveness cannot be explained by the known humectant effect of glycerol.

A method for treatment of irritation or damage to corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells, particularly for irritation or damage to corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells due to severe Sjögren's syndrome, comprising applying topically to an affected eye an aqueous solution of glycerol characterized by a glycerol concentration of >1% (w/v), most preferably 2.5% (w/v). The method is effective even in the case of very low tear formation, and its effectiveness cannot be explained by the known humectant effect of glycerol.

The invention provides compositions comprising omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters, specifically compositions that are based on semifluorinated alkanes. The compositions of the present invention may be topical ophthalmic compositions useful in the treatment of ocular diseases or conditions. The invention further provides kits comprising such compositions.

Diamino-pyridine, pyrimidine and pyridazine compounds which may be used as H.sub.4 receptor modulators, and in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by H.sub.4 receptor activity, such as allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and pruritis.

A lutein-containing ophthalmic composition, wherein the ophthalmic composition is mainly consisting of a natural anti-inflammatory substance, a substance with increasing liquid viscosity, and an artificial tear. The substance with increasing liquid viscosity could apply the ophthalmic composition to elongate the retention time on the ocular surface, thereby increasing the retention time of anti-inflammatory substance on the ocular surface for treating dry eye syndrome and inhibiting ocular surface inflammation.

A lutein-containing ophthalmic composition, wherein the ophthalmic composition is mainly consisting of a natural anti-inflammatory substance, a substance with increasing liquid viscosity, and an artificial tear. The substance with increasing liquid viscosity could apply the ophthalmic composition to elongate the retention time on the ocular surface, thereby increasing the retention time of anti-inflammatory substance on the ocular surface for treating dry eye syndrome and inhibiting ocular surface inflammation.