The present invention relates to nucleic acids of the general formula (I): (N.sub.uG.sub.lX.sub.mG.sub.nN.sub.v).sub.a and derivatives thereof as an immunostimulating agent/adjuvant and to compositions containing same, optionally comprising an additional adjuvant. The present invention furthermore relates to a pharmaceutical composition or to a vaccine, each containing nucleic acids of formula (I) above and/or derivatives thereof as an immunostimulating agent, and optionally at least one additional pharmaceutically active component, e.g. an antigenic agent. The present invention relates likewise to the use of the pharmaceutical composition or of the vaccine for the treatment of cancer diseases, infectious diseases, allergies and autoimmune diseases etc. Likewise, the present invention includes the use of nucleic acids of the general formula (I): (N.sub.uG.sub.lX.sub.mG.sub.nN.sub.v).sub.a and/or derivatives thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of such diseases.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical preparations containing as active ingredients 3-N-formylhydroxylaminopropylphosphonic acid derivatives or 3-N-acetylhydroxylaminopropylphosphonic acid derivatives in combination with clindamycin and artesunate for the treatment of malaria, in particular for the acute therapy of cerebral malaria, and to an associated dosage, in particular for the patient group of children.

The present invention provides methods for treating malaria. The methods of the present invention comprise administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising aN-hydroxy-4-((4-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzamide.

The present invention provides methods for treating malaria. The methods of the present invention comprise administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising aN-hydroxy-4-((4-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzamide.

The present disclosure relates to compositions and therapeutic methods for activating an immune response in a patient in need thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the subject methods and compositions are able to antagonize the activity of VISTA, a naturally occurring “checkpoint” protein which contributes to immune tolerance, optionally in combination with an antagonist of a second checkpoint pathway such as PD-1. For example, such methods and compositions may be suitable for preventing and treating colon cancer or another cancer. An exemplary VISTA antagonist, specifically, an anti-VISTA antibody, is demonstrated herein to activate an immune response against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, thereby conferring protective anti-tumor immunity which decreased tumor burden. Additionally, an additive benefit was observed when a VISTA antagonist was used in combination with a second checkpoint protein antagonist, specifically, an antibody against PD-1 ligand (PD-L1).

The present invention relates to an antibody binding to a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence NANP (SEQ ID NO:1) and to at least one peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from NVDP (SEQ ID NO:2), NPDP (SEQ ID NO:3), and KQPA (SEQ ID NO:4), to a polynucleotide or polynucleotides encoding said antibody, and to said antibody for use in medicine and for use in prevention of Plasmodium infection. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods, kits, and devices related thereto.

The present invention relates to an antibody binding to a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence NANP (SEQ ID NO:1) and to at least one peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from NVDP (SEQ ID NO:2), NPDP (SEQ ID NO:3), and KQPA (SEQ ID NO:4), to a polynucleotide or polynucleotides encoding said antibody, and to said antibody for use in medicine and for use in prevention of Plasmodium infection. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods, kits, and devices related thereto.

Disclosed are an attenuation system and the use thereof for attenuating plasmodia, specifically the use of an EF1g gene for attenuating plasmodia. The attenuation system regulates the expression or degradation of the EF1g gene by using a regulatory system, thereby controlling the growth of plasmodia and achieving the attenuation of plasmodia.

Disclosed are an attenuation system and the use thereof for attenuating plasmodia, specifically the use of an EF1g gene for attenuating plasmodia. The attenuation system regulates the expression or degradation of the EF1g gene by using a regulatory system, thereby controlling the growth of plasmodia and achieving the attenuation of plasmodia.

Described herein is a method for forming multi-layer drug dosage forms having at least two layers. In the method, a first formulation comprising a non-gelling matrix forming agent and having a first density is dosed into a preformed mold. A second formulation comprising a non-gelling matrix former and having a second density not equal to the first density is subsequently dosed into the preformed mold. Then, the combination of the formulations dosed into the mold is freeze dried to form the multi-layer dosage form having at least two layers. The use of a density difference between the first and second formulations ensures formation of a product with two distinct layers.