A disc brake half-caliper includes at least one cylindrical recess formed in a central portion of the half-caliper, the at least one cylindrical recess configured to support a piston for movement in an axial direction, and a pair of bridge portions formed on opposite sides of the central portion. At least one of the bridge portions extends further in the axial direction toward a first side of the disc brake half caliper than the central portion, defines at least one through hole extending therethrough in the axial direction, and terminates on the first side at a flat surface perpendicular to the axial direction, and has at least one cavity formed in the flat surface with a bottom at which the at least one through hole opens.

In one aspect, a wheel hub apparatus including a wheel hub that is rotatable about a central axis and has a unitary, one-piece construction. The wheel hub apparatus further includes a circular brake element having a unitary, one-piece construction and extending about the wheel hub. The wheel hub and the circular brake element include engaged portions securing the wheel hub and the circular brake element together. The engaged portions of the wheel hub and the circular brake element fix the circular brake element against axial movement along the wheel hub. In this manner, the engaged portions of the wheel hub and the circular brake element provide a mechanical joint that connects the wheel hub and the circular brake element using the material of the wheel hub and the circular brake element.

A piston of a hydraulic power unit of a hydraulic power vehicle braking system including slip control is guided directly, without a cylinder liner, in a cylinder bore of a hydraulic block. The piston is rotatably fixedly and axially displaceably held in a bushing with the aid of an anti-rotation mechanism, which in turn is rotatably fixed at the hydraulic block. A pivot bearing of a worm gear for displacing the piston is fixed at the bushing.

A friction engagement device of an automatic transmission is provided with a cylindrical drum part supporting an annular friction plate. The drum part includes a cylindrical body with a spline part having serrations extending in the axial direction and depressed radially outward to fit with the friction plate, in an inner circumferential side surface, a vertical wall part provided at an end side of the cylindrical body and extending radially inward, and a corner part provided between the cylindrical body and the vertical wall part. A drum recess is formed inside the corner part, connected to the serration and depressed toward an axial end side. A cut part is provided outside the corner part, connected to the drum recess, and cut in the circumferential direction of the drum part. The drum recess is opened to an outside by the cut part to form an oil gallery.

An object is to provide a constant velocity universal joint boot that can improve resistance to fatigue failure and achieve further extension of service life even if a constant velocity universal joint swings at a large operating angle. To achieve this object, a constant velocity universal joint boot is adopted, in which a large-diameter annular portion mounted on a mating member whose outer circumferential surface is formed into a non-circular shape, and at least a part of the inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter annular portion formed into a non-circular shape, and the large-diameter annular portion, a boot bellows portion, and a small-diameter annular portion attached to a shaft are integrated, and an annular recess is provided in that part of the inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter annular portion which is adjacent to the bellows.

A disc brake caliper is basically provided with a single main body and an end cap. The single main body includes a hydraulic cylinder bore partially defining a hydraulic chamber having a cylinder axis and an end bore disposed along the cylinder axis. The end cap is coupled to the single main body in the end bore so as to close the hydraulic chamber. The end cap has an exterior surface that is free of a tool engagement structure.

A brake caliper according to this disclosure is, for example, equipped with: a body having a pair of side walls arranged with a gap therebetween, a peripheral wall running between the pair of side walls, wherein the pair of side walls and the peripheral wall enclose the peripheral edge portion of a disk rotor from the outside of the disk rotor in the radial direction; brake pads positioned between the side walls and the disk rotor; pistons that are supported by the side walls and that press the brake pads toward the side surfaces of the disk rotor by means of applied hydraulic pressure; and a shaft that supports the brake pads and passes through an opening provided in the side walls. The opening includes a retaining part that retains the shaft in the circumferential direction at two contact points separated from each other along the edge of the opening.

A brake carrier is provided for a disc brake having at least one brake pad, wherein the brake carrier includes: a wrap-around disc holder that wraps around a section of a brake disc of the disc brake in a frame-like manner; at least one brake pad slot in which the brake carrier guides the at least one brake pad, wherein the at least one pad slot is formed by carrier lugs, support surfaces and bridge struts on the wrap-around disc holder. The brake carrier is produced as a single piece using a shaping method and has a mold partition burr. The mold partition burr is arranged outside of the wrap-around disc holder.

The present application discloses a ceramic preform, a method of making a ceramic preform, a MMC comprising a ceramic preform, and a method of making a MMC. The method of making a ceramic preform generally comprises preparing reinforcing fibers, preparing a ceramic compound, and forming the compound into a desired shape to create the ceramic preform. In certain embodiments, the ceramic compound is formed as either a disc or a ring for use in a brake disc metal matrix composite. The metal matrix composite generally comprises the ceramic preform infiltrated with a molten metal to form the brake disc metal matrix composite. The method of making the metal matrix composite generally comprises heating the ceramic preform, placing the ceramic preform in a mold cavity of a die cast mold, and introducing molten metal into the mold cavity to infiltrate the ceramic preform to form the brake disc metal matrix composite.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing lattice structures for heat dissipating devices include a method including: obtaining a 3D model of a device that passes a fluid through an internal structure of the device, including a lattice for the internal structure; performing computational fluid dynamics simulation using the 3D model to generate fluid turbulence data that indicates fluid flows through the lattice for the internal structure; modifying a first density in accordance with the fluid turbulence data; performing computational structural simulation using the 3D model and defined loading condition(s) for the device to generate structural integrity data that indicates a structural weakness of the device; modifying a second density in accordance with the structural integrity data; and providing the 3D model of the device, the 3D model including the modified first density and the modified second density.