A shock absorber includes a holding member that holds a rod. Inside the holding member, there is formed a flow path through which oil passes. The flow path include a first flow path extending along an axis of the rod from one end of the holding member in an axial direction, a second flow path extending from one end portion of the first flow path along a radial direction of the rod, and a third flow path extending along the axis of the rod from one end portion of the second flow path to the other end of the holding member in the axial direction.

A vibration damper may comprise a damper tube filled at least partially with damping liquid. A piston rod is movable to and fro in the damper tube, and a working piston is movable with the piston rod. The working piston may divide an interior space of the damper tube into a piston rod-side working space and a working space distal the piston rod. A piston rod attachment may include an attachment element, a bracing element, and a wedge element. On a side that faces away from the working piston, the piston rod may have a wedge element cut-out for partially receiving the wedge element in a braced state. The attachment element may be connected to the bracing element such that the attachment element braces the bracing element with respect to the piston rod via the wedge element arranged in the wedge element cut-out.

An apparatus includes an electric motor including a stator and a translator; a three-phase inverter electrically coupled to the electric motor; a power source electrically coupled to the three-phase inverter; and a controller communicatively coupled to the three-phase inverter. The controller is programmed to determine at least three measurements at different times of flux linkage from the electric motor, represent the measurements in Clarke coordinates, determine Clarke coordinates of a center of a circle defined by the Clarke coordinates of the measurements, and determine a position of the translator relative to the stator based on the Clarke coordinates of the center of the circle.

A damper assembly comprises a main tube extending along a center axis between a first end and a second end defining a fluid chamber. A main piston is disposed in the fluid chamber dividing the fluid chamber into a compression chamber and a rebound chamber. A piston rod extends along the center axis coupled to the main piston. An external tube extends about the main tube and defines a compensation chamber therebetween. The external tube includes a protrusion extending radially inwardly from an opened end to abut the main tube. An external piston is located in the compensation chamber and coupled to the main tube, dividing the compensation chamber into a first compartment and a second compartment. The first compartment extends between the protrusion and the external piston for containing a working fluid. The second compartment extends between the closed end and the external piston for containing a gas.

A variable stiffness bushing includes: inner and outer tubular members; and an elastic member connecting these tubular members. At least one pair of liquid chambers axially separated from each other is defined in the elastic member. The liquid chambers are connected by a communication passage including a circumferential passage provided in one of the inner and outer tubular members. The one of the inner and outer tubular members includes a coil wound coaxially therewith and a yoke provided with a gap constituting the circumferential passage. A magnetic fluid fills the liquid chambers and the communication passage. Upper and lower end walls and an axially intermediate partition wall of the elastic member are configured such that when the tubular members are axially displaced relative to each other, a difference is created between volumes of the axially separated liquid chambers.

A formation method for liquid rubber composite nodes with a tubular flow channel is provided. The formation method includes adding a middle spacer sleeve between an outer sleeve and a mandrel, bonding the middle spacer sleeve and the mandrel together through rubber vulcanization and assembling the integrated middle spacer sleeve and the mandrel into the outer sleeve; installing a tubular flow channel in the mandrel; hollowing the middle spacer sleeve to form a plurality of spaces; after vulcanization, forming a plurality of interdependent liquid cavities by using rubber and the plurality of spaces; and arranging liquid in the plurality of liquid cavities and communicating the plurality of liquid cavities through the tubular flow channel.

A valve arrangement for a vibration damper, as may be used on a vehicle. The vibration damper can be a telescopic suspension fork leg of a motorbike, or a shock absorber for a vehicle with more than one track, for example an automobile. The valve arrangement is for a vibration damper that has a valve housing with an annular valve seat, and is configured to receive damping fluid, and further having a valve piston arranged in an axially displaceable manner relative to the valve seat in an inner space of the valve housing. The valve piston has a main valve which has a flexible circular valve disc which can be removed from contact with a contact surface side on the valve seat. The valve disc is arranged on the valve piston by a guide pin, such that it can be moved axially relative to the latter and is guided radially.

A damper includes an upper connector configured to be connected to a cable. The damper also includes a lower connector configured to be connected to a load. The damper also includes a body extending between and connecting together the upper and lower connectors. The body includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is configured to experience greater plastic strain than the second portion.

A first damping force generation mechanism provided in a first passage formed in a piston to generate a damping force, and a second damping force generation mechanism provided in an annular valve seat member disposed in one of chambers and provided in a second passage in parallel with the first passage to generate a damping force, in which the second damping force generation mechanism includes a first sub-valve provided on one side of the second passage formed in the valve seat member and a second sub-valve (provided on the other side thereof, and a bottomed cylindrical cap member having an outer cylindrical part and a bottom part, and the cap member includes an inner cylindrical part into which the piston rod is able to be inserted formed on an inner circumferential side of the bottom part and houses at least a part of the second damping force generation mechanism.

A controllable vibration damper with damping force control may include a damper tube housing that is filled with damping medium. The controllable vibration damper may also include a damping valve element that is structurally and fluidically connected to the damper tube housing for damping force control. The damping valve element may be configured as a pilot-controlled pressure-limiting valve having a pilot valve. Further, a two-stage pre-throttle valve assembly placed in front of the pilot valve. The damping valve element may be arranged internally with respect to the damper tube housing in some cases. In other cases, the tamping valve element may be arranged externally with respect to the damper tube housing.