A Class-A fire-protected wood product include: a wood product having exterior wood surfaces and being selected from the group consisting of finger-jointed wood products, dimensioned lumber products, cross-laminated timber (CLT) products, and engineered wood products (EWPs); and thin potassium salt crystalline coatings formed on the exterior wood surfaces of said wood product during a surface treatment process involving the coating of said exterior surfaces with an environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid chemical composition, so as to produce a Class-A fire-protected wood product having Class-A fire-protected wood surfaces, when water molecules in said environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid chemical composition evaporate to the environment during drying and formation of said thin potassium salt crystalline coatings. The thin potassium salt crystalline coatings protect the treated exterior surfaces against fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire, by interrupting the combustion phase of the fire by one or more pathways, and inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread.

An environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition for application on combustible surfaces to inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire. The environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition including a dispersing agent realized in the form of a quantity of water, for dispersing metal ions dissolved in water; a fire inhibiting agent in the form of at least one alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid, for providing metal ions dispersed in the water when the alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid is dissolved in the quantity of water; and a coalescing agent in the form of an organic compound containing three carboxylic acid groups, or salt/ester derivatives thereof, specifically triethyl citrate (TEC), an ester of citric acid, for dispersing and coalescing the metal ions when the fire inhibiting liquid composition is applied to combustible surfaces to be protected against fire, while water molecules in the water evaporate to the environment during drying, and the metal ions cooperate to form thin alkali metal salt crystalline coatings on the combustible surfaces. The alkali metal salt of nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid may be selected from the group consisting of: alkali metal salts of citric acid; alkali metal salts of oxalic acid; alkali metal salts of gluconic acid; and alkali metal salts of tartaric acid. The alkali metal salt of nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid may be selected from the group consisting of the alkali salt of lithium, the alkali salt of sodium, the alkali salt of potassium, the alkali salt of cesium and the alkali salt of rubidium. Preferably, the alkali metal salt of nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid is an alkali salt of potassium, namely tripotassium citrate (TPC).

An environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition for application on combustible surfaces to inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire. The environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition includes: a dispersing agent realized in the form of a quantity of water, for dispersing potassium ions dissolved in the water; a fire inhibiting agent realized in the form of potassium citrate, for providing potassium ions dispersed in the water when the potassium citrate is dissolved in the water; and a coalescing agent realized in the form of triethyl citrate, an ester of citric acid, for dispersing and coalescing the potassium ions when the fire inhibiting liquid composition is applied to a combustible surfaces to be protected against fire ignition and flame spread, and while water molecules in the water evaporate during drying, the potassium ions cooperate to form a thin potassium salt crystalline coating on the treated combustible surface that proactively protects the treated combustible surfaces against fire ignition and flame spread, in the presence of fire.

A wildfire defense spraying system installed on a property with combustible surfaces and adapted for spraying the property and combustible surfaces with an environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor for defending against wildfire by inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread caused by hot flying wildfire embers created during a wildfire storm. The wildfire defense system includes: a storage tank containing an environmentally-clean liquid fire inhibitor comprising a majority amount of tripotassium citrate (TPC) and minor amount of triethyl citrate (TEC) dissolved in a major amount of water according to a prespecified formulation, wherein the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor remains stable without the formation of solids at expected operating temperatures, and ready for immediate spraying on combustible surfaces. A hydraulic pump system is connected to remote power control switch employed to supply electrical power to the hydraulic pump, and remotely activated. A plurality of spray heads is mounted about the property, in fluid communication with the storage tank, and supplied with environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor by the hydraulic pump system. During operation, the spray heads spray liquid fire inhibitor from the storage tank forming a spray pattern that covers the property and combustible surfaces to be defended against wildfire embers. When the hydraulic pump system completes pumping and spraying the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor in the storage tank, the hydraulic pump system automatically shuts off, and as water molecules in the sprayed environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor evaporate to the environment, thin potassium salt crystalline coatings form on the sprayed combustible property surfaces, inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire.

A remotely-triggered wildfire defense spraying system installed on property with a building, and adapted for spraying the building and property with an environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor for defending against wildfire by inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread caused by hot flying wildfire embers created during a wildfire storm. The wildfire defense spraying system includes: a storage tank containing environmentally-clean liquid fire inhibitor comprising an alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric carboxylic acid, and triethyl citrate (TEC) dissolved in water according to a prespecified formulation, wherein the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor remains stable without the formation of solids at expected operating temperatures, and for immediate spraying on property. A fluid pumping loop having a hydraulic pump system is connected to spray heads and the storage tank, and is operably controlled by a remote control switch. When the hydraulic pump system is remotely activated by a remotely generated trigger signal (e.g. from a mobile smartphone or remote wildfire detection system), the hydraulic pump system pumps environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor from the storage tank and through the spray heads to produce a spray pattern of environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor covering the combustible surfaces on the property. As water molecules in the sprayed environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor evaporate to the environment, fire-inhibiting alkali metal salt crystalline coatings form on the sprayed combustible surfaces, inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire embers.

A wildfire defense spraying process for spraying and protecting property and combustible surfaces with an environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor that inhibits fire ignition and flame spread caused by hot flying wildfire embers created during a wildfire storm. The wildfire defense spraying process involves maintaining a storage tank containing a supply of environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor comprising a major amount of tripotassium citrate (TPC) and minor amount of triethyl citrate (TEC) dissolved in a major amount of water according to a prespecified formulation, wherein the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor remains stable without the formation of solids at expected operating temperatures, and ready for immediate spraying on combustible property. When a spraying-trigger signal is received by an automated wildfire detection system, a mobile phone or other intelligent source, an electric-powered hydraulic pump system is automatically energized and pumps environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor from the storage tank through piping, under pressure, to spray heads mounted about the property, to produce a spray pattern of environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor that covers all the property and combustible surfaces to be defended against wildfire. When the hydraulic pump system completes its pumping operations, the hydraulic pump system automatically shuts off. As water molecules in the sprayed environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor evaporates to the environment, thin fire-inhibiting potassium salt crystalline coatings form on the sprayed combustible surfaces, inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire embers.

A wildfire defense spraying system installed on property with combustible property surfaces, and adapted for spraying the combustible property surfaces with an environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor for defending against wildfire by inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread caused by hot flying wildfire embers created during a wildfire storm. The wildfire defense spraying system includes: a storage tank containing a supply of environmentally-clean liquid fire inhibitor comprising an alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric carboxylic acid, and triethyl citrate (TEC) dissolved in water according to a prespecified formulation, wherein the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor remains stable without the formation of solids at expected operating temperatures, and ready for immediate spraying on combustible surfaces. An electric-powered hydraulic pump system is connected to a remote power control switch employed to supply electrical power to the electric-powered hydraulic pump system. A plurality of spray heads are mounted about the property and any buildings thereon, and arranged in fluid communication with the storage tank and the hydraulic pump system. During operation, the hydraulic pump system automatically pumps environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor from the storage tank and through the spray heads to generate a spray pattern of environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor over all the combustible surfaces on the property. As water molecules in the sprayed environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor evaporate to the environment, thin fire-inhibiting alkali metal salt crystalline coatings form on the combustible property surfaces, inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire embers.

A system adapted for installation on a parcel of property and configured for proactively protecting combustible property surfaces against fire ignition and flame spread by forming environmentally-clean thin potassium salt crystalline coatings on the combustible property surfaces prior to the arrival of wildfire. The system includes: a storage tank containing a supply of environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition, available for spray application on and over the combustible surfaces of the parcel of property in response to a trigger signal generated before the arrival of a wildfire at the parcel of property, so as to form thin potassium salt crystalline coatings on the combustible surfaces that inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire. The environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition includes: a dispersing agent realized in the form of a quantity of water, for dispersing potassium ions dissolved in the water; a fire inhibiting agent realized in the form of potassium citrate, for providing potassium ions dispersed in the water when said potassium citrate is dissolved in the water; and a coalescing agent realized in the form of triethyl citrate, an ester of citric acid, for dispersing and coalescing the potassium ions when the fire inhibiting liquid composition is applied to the combustible surfaces to be protected against fire ignition and flame spread, and while water molecules in the water evaporate during drying, the potassium ions cooperate to form the environmentally-clean thin potassium salt crystalline coatings on the combustible surfaces that proactively protects the combustible surfaces against fire ignition and flame spread, in the presence of fire. Spraying apparatus is arranged in fluid communication with the storage tank, and is responsive to the generation of the trigger signal, for automated spraying of the supply of environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition, on and over the combustible surfaces of the parcel of property before the arrival of a wildfire at the parcel of property, so as to form the environmentally-clean thin potassium salt crystalline coatings on the combustible surfaces that inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32? F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

A wildfire defense system trailer and method of installing an automated sprinkler-based wildfire defense system on a home construction site before the starting of the construction phase of a home building project in a wildfire urban interface (WUI) region. The first commissioned automated sprinkler-based wildfire defense system will continue in operation all during the home building construction phase, and will only be decommissioned from operation, and removed from the premises (including the job-site wildfire defense system trailer being removed from the property) when construction of the wood home building project is totally completed, and the wood home building is ready for occupation. At the same time when the first system is decommissioned, a second permanently-installed automated sprinkler-based wildfire defense system will be completely installed within the new home construction, independent from the first system, and ready for commissioning to provide a new proactive measure of defense against a wildfire storm occurring after home building construction has been completed, thereby protecting all wood and combustible surfaces on the home and surrounding property, and preventing fire ignition and flame spread until the wildfire storm passes through the WUI region. By virtue of the present invention, it is now possible to significantly reduce the risk of wood home building construction projects occurring within a wildfire urban interface (WUI) region, and better support the underwriting of home construction and ownership insurance policies within such regions.