Processes and systems are provided to enhance the rates of absorption and desorption of hydrogen into and out of a metal hydride composite material as part of a system for storing and/or compressing hydrogen. The rates of absorption and desorption are enhanced by techniques that enhance heat transfer between metal hydride composite material and a heat exchanger. Embodiments include the use of thermally conductive adhesive, grease or solder between the metal hydride composite material and heat exchanger element, snugly wrapping the metal hydride-heat exchanger element assembly with an expanded metal sheath or a flexible wire, and combinations thereof.

An LPG reclaim system for withdrawing and reclaiming liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from an unspent LPG cylinder. The reclaim system has a reclaim station for reclaiming unspent LPG from LPG bottle containers, a compressor for applying a vacuum on the reclaim station and pressurizing LPG vapor from the reclaimed LPG fluid, and a receiving tanlc for receiving a stream of pressurized liquid LPG. The reclaim system has a pair of shell-and-tube heat exchangers include cold-side tubes and a hot side shell. The reclaimed LPG fluid is passed through the cold-side tubes, while the pressurizing LPG vapor is passed through the hot-side shell of the heat exchanger. The heat applied to the cold-side reclaimed LPG fluid promotes evaporation of the LPG fluid to LPG vapor for pressurizing, and the cooling applied to the hot-side pressurized LPG vapor promotes condensation of the LPG vapor to LPG liquid for the refill containers.

Systems and methods are provided for a combined defuel and priority panel for a fueling station. The defuel and priority panel is configured to defuel a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle and direct the defueled gas to fuel other CNG vehicles at the panel fueling and defueling site. The defuel and priority panel is also configured to store defueled gas in defuel storage tanks, which can then be used to later fuel CNG vehicles.

An integrated cryogenic fluid delivery system includes a tank adapted to hold a supply of cryogenic liquid and having an end wall. A shroud is positioned on the end wall and contains a shell and tube heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a shell defining a warming fluid chamber and having a shell inlet and a shell outlet in fluid communication with the warming fluid chamber. A number of cryogenic fluid coils are positioned within the warming fluid chamber and are in fluid communication with a cryogenic fluid inlet port and a cryogenic fluid outlet port. A fuel shutoff valve has an inlet in fluid communication with a liquid side of the tank and an outlet in fluid communication with the cryogenic fluid inlet port of the heat exchanger. A manual vent valve has an inlet in fluid communication with a headspace of the tank and an outlet. The fuel shutoff valve and the manual vent valve each have a control knob that is accessible from the first or second side of the shroud.

An apparatus is provided for maintaining a steady flow rate and pressure of a carbon dioxide stream at high pressure when a low-pressure source of the carbon dioxide varies with time. Liquid level in an accumulator that is sized to accommodate variations in supply rate is controlled by sub-cooling of liquid entering the accumulator and heating in the accumulator, the sub-cooling and heating being controlled by a pressure controller operable in the accumulator.

A purity monitor is provided. The purity monitor includes a cryo-cooler and a piezo-electric crystal microbalance that may have a matte finish. The cryo-cooler includes a nozzle and plumbing components disposed to supply a fluid having a working pressure of up to 10,000 psig to the nozzle. The nozzle provides for locating substantially all of a pressure drop of the cryo-cooler near an exit thereof. The nozzle sprays fluid onto the piezo-electric crystal microbalance and the piezo-electric crystal microbalance measures a mass of non-volatile residue (NVR) left thereon by the spraying. Respective temperatures of the fluid and the piezo-electric crystal microbalance are controllable based on a type of the NVR.

A purity monitor is provided. The purity monitor includes a cryo-cooler and a piezo-electric crystal microbalance that may have a matte finish. The cryo-cooler includes a nozzle and plumbing components disposed to supply a fluid having a working pressure of up to 10,000 psig to the nozzle. The nozzle provides for locating substantially all of a pressure drop of the cryo-cooler near an exit thereof. The nozzle sprays fluid onto the piezo-electric crystal microbalance and the piezo-electric crystal microbalance measures a mass of non-volatile residue (NVR) left thereon by the spraying. Respective temperatures of the fluid and the piezo-electric crystal microbalance are controllable based on a type of the NVR.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for use in a gas storage vessel, said composition comprising at least two MOF monolithic bodies, including at least about 50 wt % of a first MOF monolithic body, and a second MOF monolithic body. The MOF monolithic bodies contain MOF and binder. The first MOF monolithic body has a volume of macropores of about 15% or less of the envelope volume of the first MOF monolithic body, a particle aspect ratio of about 2 or greater and a smallest particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 1 mm. The second MOF monolithic body has a largest particle diameter about equal to or less than the smallest particle diameter of the first MOF monolithic body.

A cryogenic liquid conditioning system with flow driven by head pressure of liquid contained in a cryogenic storage tank, and a cryogenic liquid delivery system with flow driven by pressure in the vapor space of the cryogenic storage tank. A heat exchanger, coupled to the cryogenic storage tank located below the liquid level of the tank, operates as a portion of both the conditioning system and delivery system. A piping system moves cryogenic liquid to the heat exchanger where it is vaporized, and then moves vaporized liquid to the vapor space of the cryogenic tank and an application. The piping system includes a controller and valve(s) for controlling flow through the system. A sensor for measuring the saturated pressure of cryogenic liquid is coupled to the storage tank or piping system, and is in communication with the flow controller.

Systems and methods are provided for a combined defuel and priority panel for a fueling station. The defuel and priority panel is configured to defuel a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle and direct the defueled gas to fuel other CNG vehicles at the panel fueling and defueling site. The defuel and priority panel is also configured to store defueled gas in defuel storage tanks, which can then be used to later fuel CNG vehicles.