A fuel cell system includes: a high-pressure tank including a resin liner and a reinforcing layer; an acquisition portion configured to acquire a value of an internal pressure and a value of an internal temperature of the high-pressure tank; a notification portion; and a controlling portion. The controlling portion sets, in a map of the internal temperature and the internal pressure, a boundary line sectioning the map into a first region and a second region, the first region indicating a possibility that a stress caused in the resin liner damages the resin liner, the second region being a region having a higher temperature and a higher pressure than the first region. When the value of the internal temperature and the value of the internal pressure reach the boundary line, the controlling portion causes the notification portion to notify that the high-pressure tank needs to be filled with a fuel gas.

Methods, apparatus, and device, for a cryogenic storage system that stores and/or transports a liquid or gas at a temperature below ambient temperature. The cryogenic storage system has an enclosure and a cavity. The cryogenic storage system has a dewar that is positioned within the cavity of the enclosure. The dewar has a payload area that is configured to hold a liquid below ambient temperature. The dewar is configured to hold a liquid below ambient temperature and passively stabilize in an upright position. The dewar is formed with an inner wall and an outer wall and has an opening that allows access to the payload area.

A high pressure tank includes: a container body including dome parts; a reinforcement layer provided on an outer surface of the container body and including fiber-reinforced resin; and a protective member provided on an outer surface of the reinforcement layer, wherein the protective member includes a first layer disposed at the outer surface of the reinforcement layer that covers at least a part of the dome parts, and a second layer disposed outward of the first layer. The first layer is more deformable due to the same load applied from the outside than the second layer is.

Method of constructing a vault of a large storage tank for liquefied natural gas by first modeling the vault with a 3-D modeling software application, then partially building the vault with a framework and a first set of covering panels fixed on the framework where the panels do not touch each other, but leave a number of gaps between them, measuring the dimensions of the actual gaps between the panels using a 3-D scanner, producing a second set of panels according to the scanned dimensional data, and finally filled the gaps between the first set of panels with the second set of panels, which are much smaller than the first set of panels, making the building process earlier and more accurate, which are difficult issues in building large tanks for liquefied natural gas.

An opening-side flange may include a connecting surface including an inclined surface, a corner part, and an annular groove on a bottom-face side. A conical surface part of the inclined surface may be a conical surface of a truncated cone, and may be inclined such that a radially outer end thereof approaches an opening side. The corner part may be a corner formed between the inclined surface and the annular groove, and may function as a sealing surface with the liner. The annular groove may be a part that connects the inclined surface to an outer surface part, and may be a part that is hollowed toward the opening side relative to the inclined surface.

The present invention provides eductors comprising: a component having a metal surface: and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a metal surface of a component of an eductor, comprising: contacting the surface with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the structure above; forming a film on the metal surface; and introducing the friction reducer into the apparatus.

The present invention provides methods of reducing friction on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports a gas, comprising: (a) contacting the surface either directly or through an intermediate organometallic layer with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative; (b) forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and (c) introducing the gas into the apparatus.

The present invention provides treated gravel pack screens comprising a metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a contaminant on a metal surface of a gravel pack screen, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and introducing a fluid through the gravel pack screen.

The present invention provides treated, transportable ISO tanks comprising an interior metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the same, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a film on the surface; and introducing the friction reducer therein.

The disclosure relates to an electrically powered mobile fluid supply system (MFSS) for supplying fluid to a host unit. The MFSS comprises at least one pressurized fluid volume, a fluid dispenser fluidly connectable to the host unit and configured to supply fluid from the at least one pressurized fluid volume to the host unit in a fluid supply operation, and at least one compressor configured to build sufficient pressure for the fluid supply operation in the MFSS. The MFSS is configured to be electrically connected to the host unit and the at least one compressor is configured to be electrically connected to the MFSS and electrically powered by the host unit during the fluid supply operation. The disclosure further relates to a method for supplying fluid to a host unit, to a control unit configured to control the fluid supply operation, and to the MFSS.