The present invention is directed to a formulation and associated method for neutralizing one or more toxic chemical and/or materials including toxic industrial chemicals and toxic industrial materials, such as irritants, heavy metals, radioactive metals, acids and acid irritants, pesticides, and various agricultural chemicals, (collectively referred to as toxic chemical, materials, or simply toxins) as well as decontaminating surfaces that have come into contact with these agents. As a result, the formulation of the present invention can be used for neutralizing a broad spectrum of toxic chemicals and materials. In one embodiment, the active ingredient comprises 2,3, butanedione monoxime (also known as diacetyl monoxime (DAM)), and alkali salts thereof such as potassium 2,3-butanedione monoxime (KBDO). The formulation also typically includes a carrier in which the active ingredient is dispersed. In one embodiment, the carrier comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG); monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG); and combinations and derivatives thereof.

A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.

A system and method for chemically destroying, degrading and incinerating a fluorocarbon or fluorinated material, such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), with reduced emissions of gaseous PFC is provided. The method includes mixing the fluorinated material, a hydroxide base, and optionally a solvent system in a batch reactor to form a suspension. The PFAS and solvent system can be provided by AFFF. The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature ranging from about 25 C. to about 400 C. for about 0.5 hours to about 240 hours to defluorinate the fluorocarbons in the PFAS and produce a defluorinated waste product. More specifically, the method converts organic fluorine present in the PFAS to inorganic fluoride. Thus, the defluorinated waste product can be incinerated with reduced emissions of harmful gaseous PFCs.

A system and method for destroying and disposing a fluorinated material, such as PFAS, with reduced emissions of gaseous PFC is provided. The method can be applied to soil or other environmental media containing the PFAS, for example at the site of the soil, either in a batch reactor or in situ. The method can include mixing PFAS, a hydroxide base, and optionally a solvent in the batch reactor to form a suspension. The reaction mixture can be heated to a temperature of 25 C. to 400 C. for about 0.5 hours to 240 hours to defluorinate the corresponding PFAS fluorocarbons and produce a defluorinated waste product. Alternatively, the suspension can be maintained for a sufficient time at room temperature. The hydroxide base and optional solvent can also be sprayed on the PFAS and optionally heated. The method converts organic fluorine present in the PFAS contaminated soil to inorganic fluoride.

Certain embodiments provide ligand-metal composite materials and compositions that could serve as catalyst-reductive agents to accelerate PFAS compounds defluorination. Certain embodiments provide optionally substituted 2,2-bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline ligand coordinated zero-valent metal as described herein and their use for defluorinating PFAS compounds.

Compositions and process, along with systems using those compositions and processes are described herein for remediation of environmental contamination, including organic compound contamination of soil and ground water, including polyfluoroalkyl substances.

A decontamination composition, containing chloroperoxidase. The decontamination composition can rapidly degrade chemical warfare agents, namely mustard gas (HD), Lewisite (L) and VX, and the decontamination products of mustard gas and Lewisite are non-toxic, thereby effectively preventing the harm of the chemical warfare agents to the environment and organism, and reducing the degree of harm of the products to soil, vegetation and organism compared with conventional decontaminant agents.

Provided is a method for activating an oxygenase-containing composition, characterized by dissolving or dispersing a composition containing oxygenase in an aqueous medium containing oxygen in an amount that exceeds the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration in an atmospheric environment at normal temperature and normal pressure.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

A non-degradable substance degradation device using an ultrasound according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a sample inflow unit into which a sample containing a non-degradable substance is introduced; a sample circulation unit having a circulation space connected to communicate with the sample inflow unit, and in which the sample moved through the sample inflow unit is circulated; and an ultrasound vibration unit surrounding at least a part of the sample circulation unit to be spaced apart from an outer surface of the sample circulation unit, and generating an ultrasound and providing the ultrasound to the sample circulated in the sample circulation unit to degrade the non-degradable substance of the sample.