A semiconductor device includes: a first electrode provided on a semiconductor multilayer structure; a second electrode provided on a substrate; and a bonding metal layer which bonds the first electrode and the second electrode together. The bonding metal layer includes a gap inside.

A light-emitting diode (LED) string includes an electrically conductive wire and a plurality of LEDs. The LEDs are electrically connected to the wire in series along an axial length of the wire. The LED string may include a solder layer, with the LEDs electrically connected to the wire via the solder layer. A tube having an optional phosphor coating may circumscribe the wire and LEDs. When connected to a surface, the LED string emits light in a band of at least 180 degrees with respect to the surface. A light assembly includes a first surface and a first LED string configured as set forth above. The light assembly may include a second LED string positioned with respect to the surface and having additional LEDs configured to illuminate in response to a second control signal from the controller.

The present disclosure relates an integrated module including a camera and a lamp, and may include a camera that acquires an image of a periphery of a vehicle and provide the image, at least one first lamp and at least one second lamp disposed at at least one location of an upper side and a lower side of the camera in a direction of a transverse axis of the camera, and a lamp controller that provides electrical energy for the first lamp to the first lamp and provides electrical energy for the second lamp to the second lamp according to daytime/nighttime determination information based on the image.

A lighting device for emitting illumination light includes an LED configured to emit light emitting diode radiation, a laser configured to emit laser radiation, and a phosphor element configured to at least partly convert the LED radiation and the laser radiation into a conversion light which at least proportionally forms the illumination light. The LED, the laser and the phosphor element are arranged relative to one another in such a way that during the operation of the lighting device on an incidence surface of the phosphor element in each case in the time integral the LED irradiates an LED irradiation surface with the light emitting diode radiation and the laser irradiates a laser irradiation surface with the laser radiation. The laser irradiation surface and the LED irradiation surface are free of overlap.

A low-beam headlight assembly includes a transparent outer lens, an optical reflector housing, and first and second lighting sources. The reflector housing has a reflective inner surface configured to reflect incident light through the transparent outer lens. The lighting sources collectively generate the incident light. The optical reflector housing reflects the incident light from the second lighting source through a designated region of the transparent outer lens to enhance a hot spot adjacent to a beam cut-off zone of a low-beam lighting pattern from the first lighting source. The low-beam headlight assembly may have a vertical height of less than about 20 mm, or about 10 mm and 15 mm. The first lighting source may include light-emitting diodes, while the second lighting source may include a laser device such as a laser diode. A vehicle includes a body and a headlight assembly that includes the low-beam headlight assembly.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, disclosed is a lamp module for a vehicle, the lamp module including: a first light source and a second light source for forming two or more types of light distribution patterns; and a light guide unit provided on one side of the first light source and the second light source. The first light source is provided behind the light guide unit and faces a rear surface portion of the light guide unit, and the second light source is provided below the light guide unit and faces a lower surface portion of the light guide unit. The light emitted from the first light source is emitted to the outside to form a first light distribution pattern, and the light emitted from the second light source is emitted to the outside to form a second light distribution pattern.

A vehicle lamp includes a light source unit including a plurality of light emitting units for forming different beam patterns, and an optical unit disposed in front of the light source unit for transmitting light generated from the light source unit to form a predetermined beam pattern. The plurality of light emitting units includes a first light emitting unit for forming a first beam pattern and a second light emitting unit disposed around the first light emitting unit for forming a second beam pattern different from the first beam pattern.

A light module comprising a means for supporting at least one collector of light rays in the vicinity of which there is a light guide suitable for guiding the rays emitted by a light source from an input face to at least two distinct and adjacent output faces. A distinction is made between a main output face, through which the rays pass in a first direction, and at least one additional output face which is oriented such that the light rays leaving the guide through this additional output face are directed toward the collector, in a second direction distinct from the first direction.

A light guide, and a vehicle lamp and motor vehicle including the light guide, which is configured to be installed in an opening defined by a lamp frame of a vehicle lamp. The light guide includes an elongated body, the body having a light exit segment for guiding light from a light source to exit in a target direction, the light exit segment including a bend segment. The light guide further includes a wing-like part, the wing-like part being at least connected to the bend segment and being configured to fill a gap between the bend segment and an edge of the opening.

A lighting apparatus of vehicles may include a light source unit of emitting light; a first reflection unit of reflecting light incident from the light source unit to discharge the reflected light outside the first reflection unit; a second reflection unit rotatably provided between the light source unit and the first reflection unit to reflect light for allowing light emitted by the light source unit to move to the first reflection unit or blocking the light such that the light is not moved to the first reflection unit and reflecting the light at a position different from the first reflection unit to discharge the light outside depending on a rotational position of the second reflection unit; and a driving unit connected to the second reflection unit and configured of adjusting the rotational position of the second reflection unit.