An optical device includes an array of light-emitting elements, including a first subset of light-emitting elements and a second subset of light-emitting elements. The first subset of light-emitting elements is configured to emit light having wavelength L.sub.1. The device includes a high refractive index material selectively disposed on the second subset of light-emitting elements and an array of optical elements positioned so as to be illuminated by the first subset of light-emitting elements and by the second subset of light-emitting elements. The optical elements are regularly arranged in a common plane at a pitch P, the common plane is located a distance D from the array of light-emitting elements, and P.sup.2≈2L.sub.1D/N, N being an integer greater than or equal to 1.

A fluorescent plate including a fluorescent phase which emits fluorescence by excitation light, and a plurality of voids, wherein, in a cross section of the fluorescent plate including cross sections of the voids, voids having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.4 micrometers or greater and 50 micrometers or smaller have a standard deviation in equivalent circle diameter of 1.5 or less.

A laser-based light source includes a laser device configured to generate laser light of a predetermined laser wavelength and emit this laser light as a laser beam. A light-conversion device is configured to convert at least part of the laser light into converted light and a laser-output sensor is configured to determine a laser-output signal proportional to the output of laser light emitted by the laser device. Further, a converted-light sensor is configured to determine a converted-light signal proportional to the output of converted light emitted by the light-conversion device. A controller is configured to receive the laser-output signal and the converted-light signal, to determine a safe-to-operate parameter, based on the laser-output signal and the converted-light signal, and to control the operation of the laser-based light source based on a comparison of the safe-to-operate parameter with a at least one predefined threshold.

A fluorescent plate includes a fluorescent phase which emits fluorescence by excitation light, and a plurality of voids. The plurality of voids include a plurality of particular voids having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.4 micrometers or greater and 50 micrometers or smaller. In a cross section of the fluorescent plate, the ratio of the number of the particular voids having a circularity greater than 0.6 and 1 or less to the total number of the plurality of particular voids is 50% or greater.

A fluorescent plate includes a fluorescent phase which emits fluorescence by excitation light, a light-transmitting phase which allows passage of the excitation light, and a plurality of voids surrounded by the fluorescent phase and the light-transmitting phase, wherein, in a cross section of the fluorescent plate including cross sections of the voids, an average ratio of a portion of the circumference of a void, which portion is in contact with the fluorescent phase to the entire circumference of the void, is higher than an area ratio of the area of the fluorescent phase present in the fluorescent plate to the total area of the fluorescent phase and the light-transmitting phase present in the fluorescent plate.

A vehicle lamp includes a metal plate having a light source mounted thereon, a lens that light emitted from the light source enters and passes through to exit forward, and a holder that holds the lens. The metal plate and the lens are positioned to the holder.

A light emitting device including a bulb having a side surface, a board elongated longer in a first direction than in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a plurality of light emitting elements mounted on the board. Each of the plurality of light emitting elements has an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, where the lower surface is mounted on the board. The device includes a plurality of sets of metal plates and leads electrically connected to the plurality of light emitting elements, and a wavelength conversion member covering the light emitting elements and a portion of each of the metal plates. The board, the light emitting elements, the sets of metal plates and leads, and the wavelength conversion member are disposed in the bulb. The upper surface of each of the light emitting elements faces the side surface of the bulb.

Provided is a wavelength converting composite member including: a disk-shaped substrate; a first wavelength converting member provided on the substrate and containing a first phosphor that radiates fluorescence due to a parity-forbidden transition; and a second wavelength converting member provided on the substrate and containing a second phosphor that radiates fluorescence due to a parity-allowed transition. The first wavelength converting member and the second wavelength converting member are disposed adjacent to each other along the circumferential direction of the substrate. The first wavelength converting member and the second wavelength converting member are provided on the substrate in such a way that the position of the center of gravity of the entirety of the first wavelength converting member and the second wavelength converting member is located on the rotation axis of the substrate. A light emitting device is provided with the wavelength converting composite member.

A projection lamp and a lamp holder include a housing defining a projection port, a lampshade covered on the projection port of the housing, and a projection lamp assembly. Light is emitted from the projection port. The projection lamp assembly includes at least two light sources and a first corrugated sheet. Patterns are provided on the first corrugated sheet. The at least two light sources are configured to emit the light. The light passes through the first corrugated sheet and the lampshade to emit out. Projection brightness of the at least two light sources is great and the first corrugated sheet is replaceable. A projected image is replaced by replacing a pattern-changing gear in tan inserting groove. Light strips are arranged on an outer wall of the projection lamp to create a visual atmosphere effect.

A method and device for emitting electromagnetic radiation at high power using nonpolar or semipolar gallium containing substrates such as GaN, AlN, InN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlInGaN, is provided. In various embodiments, the laser device includes plural laser emitters emitting green or blue laser light, integrated a substrate.