A waste treatment system 100 for performing a hydrothermal treatment of wastes includes a hydrothermal treatment device 10 for performing the hydrothermal treatment by bringing steam into contact with the wastes, a storage facility 8, 9 for storing a fuel produced from a reactant of the hydrothermal treatment, and a heat recovery steam generator 18 for generating the steam to be supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 10. The heat recovery steam generator 18 is configured to generate the steam by using a combustion energy generated by combustion of the fuel stored in the storage facility 8, 9.

Arrangement for supporting U-bend tube sections in the high heat environment of steam generators using flat bars. The invention uses a combination of thicker and thinner flat bars to impart a serpentine path to the arc of the normally curvilinear U-tubes. The support system accommodates the dilation and contraction of coolant tubes and other elements caused by the extreme and varying conditions inside a steam generator, and which can cause gaps between coolant tubes and prior art tube support bars. Bars of alternating thickness provide alternating offsets to tensionally push and support each tube on multiple sides and in multiple locations, and this tension keeps the tubes in contact with at least some flat bars on multiple sides regardless of size and shape changes. Support arrangement includes a set of fan bars, each fan bar including thick and thin flat bars projecting up and out from a collector bar.

A quenching system for a plant, operating a cracking furnace, works with liquid as well as gaseous starting materials. The quenching system includes a primary heat exchanger (PQE 10) and a secondary heat exchanger (SQE 11) and a tertiary heat exchanger. A TLX-D exchanger (TLX-D 26) is arranged and configured as the tertiary heat exchanger for dual operation. The TLX-D (26) is connected in series via a TLX-D gas feed line (24) to the SQE 11. The TLX-D (26) is connected to a steam drum (59), which is connected to a feed water line (49), via a TLX-D feed water drain line (34) and a TLX-D riser (46) and a TLX-D downcomer (38). The SQE 11 is connected to the steam drum (59), which is connected to the feed water line (49), via a TLX downcomer (52) and a TLX-riser (57).

The present invention relates to a waterless system and method for cooling a metallurgical processing furnace. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO.sub.2) is used as a coolant, as opposed to water, which provides several advantages. For example, sCO.sub.2 can be used at higher temperatures, the risk of an explosion (with use of water) is eliminated, there are no problems with regard to reverse solubility of water at higher temperatures that can foul passageways, and smaller cooling passages can be used thus reducing the cost of cooling panels. A system is disclosed which uses a reservoir to store the sCO.sub.2, a compressor or pump to cause the delivery of the sCO.sub.2 to cooling passages in the furnace, a pressure reducing valve or a turbine to decrease the pressure of the sCO.sub.2, and a heat exchanger to cool the sCO.sub.2 to a liquid state as the sCO.sub.2 travels back to the reservoir.

A vibration damping structure for a heat-transfer tube bundle including columns arranged at an interval and each composed of a plurality of heat-transfer tubes curved in a common plane and arranged in parallel to each other. The vibration damping structure includes a first vibration damping member and a second vibration damping member disposed between the columns so as to intersect the array direction of the columns. The first vibration damping member and the second vibration damping member are disposed at different positions in an axial direction of each heat-transfer tube, and thicknesses of the first vibration damping member and the second vibration damping member in the array direction are larger than an average value of a clearance between the columns under operation.

A method for producing work is disclosed. The method includes increasing the pressure of a working fluid including carbon dioxide from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure to a second pressure above the triple point pressure. The method also includes heating the working fluid, extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure, supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to an ejector, increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid by supplying the expanded working fluid to the ejector to combine with the motive fluid and form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid. The method also includes refrigerating the output fluid to condense a vapor phase into a liquid phase.

A method for producing work is disclosed. The method includes increasing the pressure of a working fluid including carbon dioxide from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure to a second pressure above the triple point pressure. The method also includes heating the working fluid, extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure, supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to an ejector, increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid by supplying the expanded working fluid to the ejector to combine with the motive fluid and form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid. The method also includes refrigerating the output fluid to condense a vapor phase into a liquid phase.

Arrangement for supporting U-bend tube sections in the high heat environment of steam generators using flat bars. The invention uses a combination of thicker and thinner flat bars to impart a serpentine path to the arc of the normally curvilinear U-tubes. The support system accommodates the dilation and contraction of coolant tubes and other elements caused by the extreme and varying conditions inside a steam generator, and which can cause gaps between coolant tubes and prior art tube support bars. Bars of alternating thickness provide alternating offsets to tensionally push and support each tube on multiple sides and in multiple locations, and this tension keeps the tubes in contact with at least some flat bars on multiple sides regardless of size and shape changes. Support arrangement includes a set of fan bars, each fan bar including thick and thin flat bars projecting up and out from a collector bar.

A steam generation system includes a silo, a heater, a material transfer system, and a heat exchanger. The silo is configured to receive granular material into the silo at an upper portion of the silo. The heater is arranged at or in the upper portion of the silo to heat the granular material received into the silo. The material transfer system is arranged to remove granular material exiting from a bottom of the silo. The heat exchanger is disposed in a lower portion of the silo and is arranged to contact granular material flowing downward inside the silo. The electricity for operating the heater may be generated by a renewable energy source such as a solar energy source or a wind energy source.

A steam generation system includes a silo, a heater, a material transfer system, and a heat exchanger. The silo is configured to receive granular material into the silo at an upper portion of the silo. The heater is arranged at or in the upper portion of the silo to heat the granular material received into the silo. The material transfer system is arranged to remove granular material exiting from a bottom of the silo. The heat exchanger is disposed in a lower portion of the silo and is arranged to contact granular material flowing downward inside the silo. The electricity for operating the heater may be generated by a renewable energy source such as a solar energy source or a wind energy source.