There is provided a catalyst composition including a hydrogen oxidation catalyst and an oxygen reduction catalyst and a process for applying the catalyst composition to a substrate. Heat exchange reactors including the catalyst composition and methods for heating a heat exchange medium are also provided. Catalytic combustors including a catalytic surface including the catalyst composition are further provided. The catalyst is adapted for low temperature activation of a hydrogen combustion reaction.

A horizontally-fired flame burner includes a flame holder positioned laterally from the burner. The flame holder includes a plurality of perforations that collectively confine a combustion reaction of the burner to the flame holder.

A horizontally-fired flame burner includes a flame holder positioned laterally from the burner. The flame holder includes a plurality of perforations that collectively confine a combustion reaction of the burner to the flame holder.

A burner using a high-temperature combustion catalyst is disclosed. The disclosed burner using a high-temperature combustion catalyst comprises: a mixing and dispensing unit for mixing and dispensing fuel gas and air, which are to be supplied; a combustion catalyst unit for generating heat by catalytically combusting with the fuel gas to be supplied from the mixing and dispensing unit; and a premixing chamber for preliminarily mixing a combustion gas which is to enter the combustion catalyst unit while connecting the mixing and dispensing unit and the combustion catalyst unit, wherein the combustion catalyst unit comprises: a front/rear-open housing having a chamber therein; perforated plates provided on the front and rear surfaces of the housing so as to allow the fuel gas to pass through from the rear of the housing to the front thereof; a pellet-type combustion catalyst filled inside of the chamber of the housing; and a heat source means for generating a heat source for the catalytic combustion of the combustion catalyst. The high-temperature combustion catalyst further comprises preparation by the steps of: preparing a metal precursor solution containing a transition metal nitrate, an alkaline earth metal nitrate, and aluminum nitrate; preparing a precipitation solution; preparing a mixture solution by mixing the metal precursor solution and the precipitation solution; increasing the temperature of the mixture solution to 90100 C. and maintaining the same for 1048 hours so as to cause precipitation; separating a precipitate slurry, which is formed by precipitation, from the mixture solution by filtering the same; washing the precipitate slurry; performing drying in order to remove water contained in the washed precipitate slurry; and performing firing at 1,0001,500 C. in order to remove water remaining in the dried precipitate slurry.

A furnace for performing an endothermic process, comprising tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, wherein tubes are positioned in rows inside the furnace, wherein burners are mounted between the tubes and between the tubes and the furnace walls parallel to the tubes rows, and wherein the burners rows and the tubes rows are ended by end walls and are divided into sections with, on each row of tubes, the distance from a wall end tube to the end wall being T2W, the distance between two adjacent inner tubes in a section being T2T, and the distance between two symmetry end tubes of two adjacent sections being T2S, wherein the tubes in the rows are arranged in such a way that the ratios T2T/T2W and T2T/T2S are greater than 0.5 and smaller than 2 thus limiting the differences in the heat transfer to the outer tubes (wall end tubes and symmetry end tubes) with respect to the inner tubes and reducing the temperature difference between outer tubes and inner tubes.

A furnace for performing an endothermic process, comprising tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, wherein tubes are positioned in rows inside the furnace, wherein burners are mounted between the tubes and between the tubes and the furnace walls parallel to the tubes rows, and wherein the burners rows and the tubes rows are ended by end walls and are divided into sections with, on each row of tubes, the distance from a wall end tube to the end wall being T2W, the distance between two adjacent inner tubes in a section being T2T, and the distance between two symmetry end tubes of two adjacent sections being T2S, wherein the tubes in the rows are arranged in such a way that the ratios T2T/T2W and T2T/T2S are greater than 0.5 and smaller than 2 thus limiting the differences in the heat transfer to the outer tubes (wall end tubes and symmetry end tubes) with respect to the inner tubes and reducing the temperature difference between outer tubes and inner tubes.

A portable catalytic combustion heater, wherein fuel vapor (11) and air (10) are supplied to a catalyst (6) which promotes the flameless combustion of fuel and releases that. The fuel is supplied as a liquid, passes through a selectively permeable membrane (8) such that fuel vapor exits the membrane and is fed to the catalyst (6). Additional features include porous supports and means of enhancing and diminishing the catalytic rate of combustion and controlling the heat output.

A portable catalytic combustion heater, wherein fuel vapor (11) and air (10) are supplied to a catalyst (6) which promotes the flameless combustion of fuel and releases that. The fuel is supplied as a liquid, passes through a selectively permeable membrane (8) such that fuel vapor exits the membrane and is fed to the catalyst (6). Additional features include porous supports and means of enhancing and diminishing the catalytic rate of combustion and controlling the heat output.

Embodiments herein provide a combustion system comprising a combustion chamber having a catalyst bed, and a vessel for storing a propellant at a predefined pressure. The vessel comprising a first valve for controlling a flow of the propellant over the catalyst bed inside the combustion chamber and an input provided at the first valve, for injecting the propellant inside the combustion chamber at a predefined duration of injection for each cycle of injection. A predefined quantity of the propellant is injected in each cycle of the injection. The combustion system further comprises one or more glow plugs for maintaining a predefined temperature within the catalyst bed and an ignition glow plug for providing a source of ignition for combustion of the propellant inside the combustion chamber.

Embodiments herein provide a combustion system comprising a combustion chamber having a catalyst bed, and a vessel for storing a propellant at a predefined pressure. The vessel comprising a first valve for controlling a flow of the propellant over the catalyst bed inside the combustion chamber and an input provided at the first valve, for injecting the propellant inside the combustion chamber at a predefined duration of injection for each cycle of injection. A predefined quantity of the propellant is injected in each cycle of the injection. The combustion system further comprises one or more glow plugs for maintaining a predefined temperature within the catalyst bed and an ignition glow plug for providing a source of ignition for combustion of the propellant inside the combustion chamber.