Thermal treatment techniques for recycling are generally very clean but their byproducts include a fine ash that may become entrained in the exhaust air plume as smoke. We therefore disclose a materials recycling apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber for processing the material at an elevated temperature, the chamber having a vent leading via a heat exchanger to a scrubber comprising a disrupted flow path, at least one spray nozzle directed towards the disrupted flow path, and a supply of liquid (ideally water with a little detergent) to the or each spray nozzle. In this way, the entrained ash can be efficiently removed from the air flow, allowing it to be vented, and the captured ash disposed of via a waste water outlet together with the ash washed from the chamber. The flow path can be disrupted by at least one baffle plate, ideally with the spray nozzle located ahead of the baffle plate(s). Thermal treatment techniques for recycling are generally very clean but their byproducts include a fine ash that may become entrained in the exhaust air plume as smoke. We therefore disclose a materials recycling apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber for processing the material at an elevated temperature, the chamber having a vent leading via a heat exchanger to a scrubber comprising a disrupted flow path, at least one spray nozzle directed towards the disrupted flow path, and a supply of liquid (ideally water with a little detergent) to the or each spray nozzle. In this way, the entrained ash can be efficiently removed from the air flow, allowing it to be vented, and the captured ash disposed of via a waste water outlet together with the ash washed from the chamber. The flow path can be disrupted by at least one baffle plate, ideally with the spray nozzle located ahead of the baffle plate(s).

A cyclone separator is disclosed. The cyclone separator includes a housing that forms a separation chamber, a central cylinder made of a non-metal refractory material and located inside the housing, and a support structure that supports the central cylinder. The separation chamber is divided by the central cylinder into an outer separation chamber and an inner separation chamber. The separation chamber includes an inlet and an outlet that are in communication with the outer and inner separation chambers, respectively. The support structure comprises a hollowed-out upwardly-arched structure that is connected to an inner wall of the separation chamber by continuous pouring or masonry, with an arch face of the support structure being connected to a lower end of the central cylinder to support the central cylinder. The central cylinder is connected to both the housing and the supporting structure by continuous pouring or masonry.

Several embodiments of the present technology are directed to the removal of one or more air pollutants using cooling and/or calcium-containing particles. In some embodiments, a method for removing air pollutants comprises flowing a gas stream having calcium-containing particles and one or more of mercury or hydrochloric acid molecules, and cooling the gas stream, thereby causing at least a portion of the calcium-containing particles to adsorb to the mercury and/or hydrochloric acid molecules in the gas stream. The method can further comprise, after cooling the gas stream, filtering the gas stream to remove at least a portion of the calcium-containing particles having adsorbed mercury and hydrochloric acid.

A flue gas denitration system includes a catalytic reactor accommodating a plurality of catalytic modules, into which a flue gas flows, and a flue gas heater provided on an upstream side of the catalytic reactor in a flow direction of the flue gas. In the flue gas denitration system, switched are a first denitration state in which the flue gas is denitrated by using the plurality of catalytic modules in the catalytic reactor and a second denitration state in which the flue gas is denitrated by using a catalytic module(s) less than those used in the first denitration state while a temperature of the flue gas flowing into the catalytic reactor is made higher than that in the first denitration state by using the flue gas heater. Thus, by making the temperature of the flue gas flowing into the catalytic reactor higher, it is possible to suppress deterioration in denitration performance in the case of using part of the plurality of catalytic modules for denitration.

An apparatus utilizes a membrane unit to capture components from atmospheric air, including carbon dioxide, enriches the carbon dioxide concentration, and delivers the enriched concentration of carbon dioxide to a sequestering facility. The membrane is configured such that as a first gas containing oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide is drawn through the membrane, a permeate stream is formed where the permeate stream has an oxygen concentration and a carbon dioxide concentration higher than in the first gas and a nitrogen concentration lower than in the first gas. A permeate conduit, having a vacuum applied to it by a vacuum generating device receives the permeate stream and a delivery conduit delivers at least a portion of the enriched carbon dioxide to a sequestering facility. The apparatus may comprise a component of a system where the system may have a flue gas generator and/or a secondary enrichment system disposed between the vacuum generating device and the sequestering facility.

An apparatus utilizes a membrane unit to capture components from atmospheric air, including carbon dioxide, enriches the carbon dioxide concentration, and delivers the enriched concentration of carbon dioxide to a sequestering facility. The membrane is configured such that as a first gas containing oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide is drawn through the membrane, a permeate stream is formed where the permeate stream has an oxygen concentration and a carbon dioxide concentration higher than in the first gas and a nitrogen concentration lower than in the first gas. A permeate conduit, having a vacuum applied to it by a vacuum generating device receives the permeate stream and a delivery conduit delivers at least a portion of the enriched carbon dioxide to a sequestering facility. The apparatus may comprise a component of a system where the system may have a flue gas generator and/or a secondary enrichment system disposed between the vacuum generating device and the sequestering facility.

An innovative oxyhydrogen (HHO) burner system including one or more burner systems is provided to eliminate emissions through total combustion. Each burner system includes at least one HHO gas supply and an external natural gas supply, both of which are connected to a gas mixer. A controller regulates the amounts of incoming HHO gas and the natural gas through being mixed. The mixed gas is supplied to each burner assembly with a predetermined pressure and flowrate to generate a flame for the total combustion of the exhaust stream inside the exhaust pipe. With feedback from an exhaust measuring system inside the exhaust pipe adjacent the outlet, the controller can adjust the burner system for optimal operations and achieve total combustion. Thus, by passing the exhaust or gases through a substantial cross-section covered by each flame, emissions can be greatly reduced or eliminated.

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.