The specification and drawings present a new apparatus and method for continuously providing an oxygen-enriched gas/air using a relative motion of selected surface(s) of an apparatus (such as fossil-fueled combustion device/vehicle) relative to an atmospheric air with a speed exceeding a threshold value for, e.g., improving combustion, exhaust and related properties of the apparatus. An oxygen-enriched gas/air layer can be formed along/near each aforementioned surface from the atmospheric air due to pushing the atmospheric air along the surface(s) during that relative motion and collected by corresponding collector gate(s) located inside the apparatus near/adjacent to the corresponding surface. The apparatus can be an object (e.g., a vehicle) moving through the atmospheric air with a relative speed exceeding the threshold value. Alternatively, the apparatus can be a stationary object (e.g., a power generator) while the atmospheric air, having a desired speed exceeding the threshold value, is moved/blown toward the stationary object.

A method and system are disclosed for safe, efficient, economically productive, environmentally responsible, extraction and utilization of dissolved gases in deep waters of a rare type of “exploding” lake, where methane (CH.sub.4) is accompanied by abundant CO.sub.2. CH.sub.4 is combusted to generate electricity. CO.sub.2 usually is considered a contaminant requiring removal to avoid power loss. Cleaning high CO.sub.2 levels from CH.sub.4, however, is costly and causes CH.sub.4 loss. Venting CO.sub.2 is environmentally undesirable. Or, if CO.sub.2 is disposed in water flow returned to the deep lake, danger persists. CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 are degassed efficiently together and input into oxy-fuel combustion. Three process outputs are: degassed nutrients-rich water flow, power and CO.sub.2+H.sub.2O exhaust, all usable for industrially productive purposes. Extracting and using both gases together in an integrated method advances safety, economic productivity and environmental stewardship. Previously, it has not been possible to accomplish these ends together. The invention provides a hyper-efficient way.

The present disclosure relates to a boiler system that includes an oxyfuel boiler in which a stream of oxygen and a fuel are combusted to generate a stream of flue gas. A flue gas condenser condenses the cleaned flue gas. A flue gas compression unit produces a stream of pressurized carbon dioxide rich flue gas. A pressure control system measures and controls the pressure after the flue gas conditioning system to a predetermined set value. A flow control system measures and controls the flow after the flue gas compression unit to a predetermined set value. The present disclosure further relates to a method of operating such a boiler system for an oxy-fuel process as well as to a power plant comprising such a system.

A dry low NO.sub.X staged combustion system includes a fuel nozzle and a combustion compartment. The fuel nozzle includes a purge gas tube, a diffusion combustion fuel tube, an isolation gas tube, a premixed combustion fuel tube, a premixed combustion air tube. The purge gas tube is configured to feed a purge gas. The diffusion combustion fuel tube is fitted over the purge gas tube, and having an end provided with a diffusion combustion fuel swirler. The isolation gas tube is fitted over the diffusion combustion fuel tube. The premixed combustion fuel tube is fitted over the isolation gas tube. The premixed combustion air tube is fitted over the premixed combustion fuel tube. The combustion compartment is located downstream of the fuel nozzle.

A process for in situ thermal recovery of hydrocarbons from a reservoir is provided. The process includes: providing an oxygen-enriched mixture, fuel, feedwater and an additive including at least one of ammonia, urea and a volatile amine to a Direct-Contact Steam Generator (DCSG); operating the DCSG, including contacting the feedwater and the additive with hot combustion gas to obtain a steam-based mixture including steam, CO.sub.2 and the additive; injecting the steam-based mixture or a stream derived from the steam-based mixture into the reservoir to mobilize the hydrocarbons therein; and producing a produced fluid including the hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to methods and systems for controlling a combustion reaction and the products thereof. One embodiment includes a combustion control system having an oxygenation stream substantially comprising oxygen and CO.sub.2 and having an oxygen to CO.sub.2 ratio, then mixing the oxygenation stream with a combustion fuel stream and combusting in a combustor to generate a combustion products stream having a temperature and a composition detected by a temperature sensor and an oxygen analyzer, respectively, the data from which are used to control the flow and composition of the oxygenation and combustion fuel streams. The system may also include a gas turbine with an expander and having a load and a load controller in a feedback arrangement.

A process of producing a feed form a solid electrolyte oxygen separator and combusting the feed in a steam methane reforming furnace to produce a flue gas.

The invention relates to a method of making a mineral melt, the method comprising providing a circulating combustion chamber which comprises an upper zone, a lower zone and a base zone, injecting primary particulate fuel and particulate mineral material and primary combustion gas into the upper zone of the circulating combustion chamber, thereby at least partially combusting the primary particulate fuel and thereby melting the particulate mineral material to form a mineral melt and generating exhaust gases, injecting into the lower zone of the circulating combustion chamber, through at least one first burner, secondary combustion gas and gaseous fuel and secondary particulate fuel, wherein the secondary combustion gas and gaseous fuel and secondary particulate fuel are injected via a single first burner, wherein the amount of secondary combustion gas injected via each first burner is insufficient for stoichiometric combustion of the total amount of gaseous fuel and secondary particulate fuel injected via that first burner, and injecting tertiary combustion gas into the lower zone of the circulating combustion chamber, through at least one tertiary combustion gas injector, whereby the tertiary combustion gas enables completion of the combustion of the gaseous fuel and the secondary particulate fuel, separating the mineral melt from the hot exhaust gases so that the hot exhaust gases pass through an outlet in the circulating combustion chamber and the mineral melt collects in the base zone. The invention also relates to apparatus suitable for use in the method.

A multifunctional sleeve (5) for a premix heat exchange cell (1), said cell (1) comprising a casing (10) adapted to contain a liquid/gas heat exchanger (14) and a combustion space (15) adjacent to the exchanger (14); a door (20) adapted to be removably fastened to the casing (10) for closing the casing, in use, and adapted to be removed from the casing (10) to allow access inside the casing (10) for maintenance operations; said door (20) comprising a mixture feeding duct (21) having a first duct end (21′) fastened to the door (20) and ending up, in use, inside the casing (10) at the combustion space (15) through a door through opening (23), and a free second duct end (21″) adapted to receive an incoming fuel gas/combustion air mixture from a premixer (3), said multifunctional sleeve (5) comprising a tubular portion (51); a first fluid connection portion (52) at a first tubular portion end (53) adapted to be removably fastened to the duct end (21″); a second fluid connection portion (54) at a second tubular portion end (55), opposite to the first end, adapted to be removably fastened to a premixer outlet (31); a fastening device (61) adapted to removably fasten the multifunctional sleeve (5) to the casing (10), outside the casing (10).

A pulverized coal burner for an oxyfuel combustion boiler which attains uniform combustion from a pulverized coal burner and which constrains a temperature rise of an oxygen injection nozzle is provided. The burner includes burner inner and outer cylinders arranged to penetrate a wind box and come close to a throat portion. A pulverized coal feed passage is provided between the burner inner and outer cylinders. A plurality of oxygen injection devices are arranged outwardly of the burner outer cylinder so as to directly feed oxygen ahead of the burner outer cylinder.