A liquid rocket engine cools a thruster body by pumping propellant through cooling channels integrated in the thruster body between internal and external surfaces. One or more of the cooling channel surfaces has a variable depth along a thrust axis to mix propellant flow and destroy thermal stratification, such as a depth that varies with a repeated contiguous sinusoidal form along the thrust axis. Fuel passed through the cooling channels injects from the combustion chamber wall towards a central portion of the combustion chamber to cross impinge with oxygen injected at the combustion chamber head so that a toroidal vortex forms to enhance propellant mixing.

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream, wherein fuel is combusted with the motive gas stream to provide heat in alternate cycles.

A reactor and method for the conversion of hydrocarbon gases utilizes a reactor (12, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) having a unique feed assembly with an original vortex combustion chamber (40, 340, 436, 536, 636, 736), a diverging conduit (48, 348, 448, 548, 648, 748), and a cylindrical reactor chamber (40, 340, 436, 536, 636, 736). This design creates a compact combustion zone and an inwardly swirling fluid flow pattern of the feed gases to form a swirling gas mixture that passes through a diverging conduit (48, 348, 448, 548, 648, 748). The feed streams can be introduced into the reactor at any angle (perpendicular, axial, or something between, or a combination of the above forms) with swirling flow components. This provides conditions suitable for efficient cracking of hydrocarbons, such as ethane, to form olefins.

Combined burner for blowing oxidizing gas and fuel into melting furnace, which is fixedly installed into the furnace and provided with outlet apertures for fuel and oxidizing gas, consists, according to this invention, of fixed part (2) of the burner (1) and of a movable nozzle (4), which is rotatably installed inside the body (2.1) of the fixed part (2) of the burner, supply (7) of the oxidizing gas is connected to the movable nozzle (4) and it is controlled by actuator (3), installed outside of the working space of the furnace, while the axis x2 of the orifice of the movable nozzle (4) is diverted from the rotation axis x1 of the movable nozzle (4) by angle a in the range of 5-60° and the movable nozzle (4) is rotatable around the axis X1 in any direction by angle β in the range of 0-180°. The movable nozzle allows directing blown gases into various places in the furnace. At the same time, the whole burner is fixedly installed in the wall or ceiling, or the cover of the furnace, and the space of the furnace thus remains sealed.

This invention is a non-complex naturally aspirated, increased efficiency, reduced smoke, reduced creosote combustion chamber used in wood stoves and furnaces utilizing wood, wood products, and/or other solid organic materials as fuel. The combustion chamber design provides a flow of fresh naturally aspirated oxygen-rich air into the area above the burning fuel in order to more completely burn the volatized, combustible compounds released from the burning fuel before burning the non-volatile combustible compounds within the fuel. As a result, the combustion process is more complete and efficient, and reduces the amount of creosote and smoke emitted from the combustion chamber into the exhaust outlet/chimney.

A burner comprises a central passageway and outlets for fuel and for stabilizing oxidant arranged peripherally around the central passageway, and comprises outlets within the burner through which biasing gas, such as gas comprising oxygen, can be injected to enable control of the direction of the flame that is generated by combustion of the fuel and the oxidant at the face of the burner.

A pure oxygen combustion method with a low nitrogen source is provided, relating to a technical field of thermal engineering. The method includes steps of: adopting a low nitrogen fuel, and adopting pure oxygen as a combustion-supporting gas; separately transporting the pure oxygen and the low nitrogen fuel; controlling a ratio of the pure oxygen to the low nitrogen fuel; and combusting tangentially in the pure oxygen in a combustion chamber, so as to realize deep burnout of the low nitrogen fuel and decrease CO and NO.sub.x emission concentrations. The present invention realizes nitrogen source reduction before combustion, reduces NO.sub.x emissions, and increases a thermal energy conversion efficiency of the fuel, without a flue gas de-nitrification device. Therefore, a NO.sub.x emission concentration is 5-100 mg/m.sup.3, a CO emission concentration is 50-500 mg/m.sup.3, and a combustion efficiency of the fuel is beyond 95%.

A continuous reflux reactor and controlled condenser system for thermochemical treatment of plastic and/or elastomeric waste has five zones with different complements. The zones comprises the bottom zone, pyrolysis zone, meeting zone, reflux zone and extraction zone. The reactor uses a reflux zone to increase the production of a light oil in the process. The reflux zone is equipped with some studded tubes that enhances the contact area. Cold molten salt is used as the cooling element of this step. The pyrolysis zone, where the material will be pyrolyzed, has the differential of being equipped with molten salt coils using hot molten salt as the heating element. After the material passes to all zones, the material goes to a cyclone that will condense heavier hydrocarbons present in this step and send the light hydrocarbons to the condensers.

A gas injection system includes a tubular wall 3 capable of being thermally stressed and having a proximal extremity and a distal extremity 11, at the distal extremity, at least one extremity opening through which at least one gas is projected. A cooling is system located in the tubular wall including axial channels 12 which extend axially towards the distal extremity and in which a cooling fluid is circulated. Connecting channels 13 circumferentially join the axial channels to each other at the distal extremity of the tubular wall. The connecting channels, which circumferentially join the axial channels at the distal extremity of the tubular wall, have a rounded shape in the direction of the distal extremity.

The invention relates to a system and process for hydrogen combustion for industrial or steam generation applications, and more particularly to a hydrogen combustion burner or retrofit kit combustion system and process using a primary pure hydrogen fuel source. The burner or retrofit kit combustion system and process may also use one or more secondary fuels, such as natural gas, methane, propane, or the like, to reduce emissions of CO.sub.2. Additionally, the inventive burner, system and process can use a flame temperature reducing fluid for lowering the bulk flame temperature of the burner to increase equipment life and decrease equipment failure. The flame temperature reducing fluid can include flue gas recirculation (FGR), water injection, steam injection, and a combination thereof.