A heater panel includes a face layer. A heater/dielectric layer includes a heater layer between a pair of dielectric layers. The face layer is bonded to a first one of the dielectric layers. A ballistic structure is bonded to a second one of the dielectric layers. The face layer can be bonded directly to the first one of the dielectric layers with a film adhesive. The ballistic structure can be bonded directly to the second one of the dielectric layers with a film adhesive. The ballistic structure can be configured to withstand at least a 5.56 mm bullet impact.

In order to control the temperature of a covering, the process of laying a heating line under the individual covering elements is known. However, this leads to various disadvantages. A functional body for a covering is provided which can be temperature-controlled, has an increased stability and is inexpensive to produce. This is achieved in that a bottom side of the functional body can be deposited on a substrate and a top side thereof can be joined together with the covering. The covering may for example be a floor covering, but may also be a wall covering or a cover element, in particular a tile, a glazed tile, a panel or the like for applications for indoor and outdoor regions. A temperature-control means is arranged on or in the top side of the functional body.

An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of bosses that emanate form a common base member. The bosses and bases preferably include an opening therethrough that will allow for subsequent layers of adhesive to interact and bond to each other. The bosses are also spaced in such a way to help secure a wire snugly therebetween.

An underlayment system includes a plurality of bosses that emanate from a common base member. The bosses and bases preferably include an opening therethrough that will allow for subsequent layers of adhesive to interact and bond to each other. The bosses are also spaced in such a way to help secure a wire snugly therebetween.

A heating appliance of the electric radiator type, including a housing containing a DC operated electrical energy storage device charged by an electrical power supply source outside the appliance, and at least one heating body that can be powered by the electrical power supply source and/or by the electrical energy storage device. The housing also comprises at least one air inlet arranged in a lower part of the housing to allow air to enter the space internally defined by the housing, and at least one air outlet arranged in an upper part of the housing to allow the air to leave the space. The electrical energy storage device is arranged across the air flow that circulates, in the space, from the at least one air inlet to the at least one air outlet, in a location situated, as observed in the direction of circulation of the flow, between the at least one air inlet and the at least one heating body.

A hydronic floor heating system as it relates to an HVAC apparatus, approach and system. Aspects of the present system and approach may include a radiant floor optimization mode, low floor temperature in vacation mode, modifying a 300 Hz, or so, reading principle base on implementation of Pseudo-random jittering of a reading event improving short-term accuracy of the individual readings, and a combination of hardware and software filters for using thermal sensors with extended cable length.

An automatic switching device is described to switch on an electric heater based on a user wearing a down jacket and switch off the electric heater based on the user not wearing a down jacket. The automatic switching is based on an image collection unit collecting an image of the user, and an image processing unit processing the image to determine if down jacket is in the image. The image collection unit may be adjusted to a position so that it may collect the image between a shoulder and a waist of the user. The adjustment of the position is based on a measured distance between the image collection unit and a floor by an ultrasonic transducer. Since the velocity of sound in air varies with the ambient temperature, a temperature unit is utilized to detect the ambient temperature so that an accurate velocity of sound may be retrieved from a table.

A composite panel suitable for heating an environment includes a face sheet having a 3D woven structure and abutting the environment, and a first core layer positioned on a side of the face sheet opposite the environment. The 3D woven structure includes at least one z-fiber extending in a first direction, the first direction representing a thickness of the face sheet. The woven structure further includes a plurality of weft layers, each having a weft fiber extending in a second direction, and a warp layer disposed between the plurality of weft layers, the warp layer having a warp fiber extending in a third direction. The z-fiber extends along the plurality of weft layers across a full extent of the 3d woven structure in the first direction.

Provided is a far-infrared ray radiation sheet capable of realizing a heating device exhibiting reduced heat unevenness and a high heat diffusion property, that is highly effective as a heater and good for a human body. There is provided a far-infrared ray radiation sheet 1 formed in a planar shape, that radiates far-infrared rays, the far-infrared ray radiation sheet comprising heat generation type mixed paper 20 formed by mixing a basic material and carbon fiber; electrodes 21 provided to the heat generation type mixed paper 20; heat diffusion type mixed paper 10 formed by mixing the basic material, and the carbon fiber or graphite exhibiting high heat conductivity, that is laminated on the heat generation type mixed paper 20; and prepregs and PET films 23 are laminated on the heat generation type mixed paper 20 and the heat diffusion type mixed paper 10, wherein the far-infrared rays are radiated by applying current to the electrodes 21.

Provided is a far-infrared ray radiation sheet capable of realizing a heating device exhibiting reduced heat unevenness and a high heat diffusion property, that is highly effective as a heater and good for a human body. There is provided a far-infrared ray radiation sheet 1 formed in a planar shape, that radiates far-infrared rays, the far-infrared ray radiation sheet comprising heat generation type mixed paper 20 formed by mixing a basic material and carbon fiber; electrodes 21 provided to the heat generation type mixed paper 20; heat diffusion type mixed paper 10 formed by mixing the basic material, and the carbon fiber or graphite exhibiting high heat conductivity, that is laminated on the heat generation type mixed paper 20; and prepregs and PET films 23 are laminated on the heat generation type mixed paper 20 and the heat diffusion type mixed paper 10, wherein the far-infrared rays are radiated by applying current to the electrodes 21.