A Ce-containing magnesium alloy sacrificial anode, a preparation method of the anode, an inner container assembly, and a water heater are provided. The magnesium alloy sacrificial anode includes a magnesium rod body made of a rare earth magnesium alloy material. The rare earth magnesium alloy material includes Mg, and 0.0009 to 3.5 mass percent of a rare earth element. The rare earth element is a Ce-containing cerium group rare earth element.

A plasma heating apparatus including a boiler vessel for holding water to be heated, a cathode housed in the vessel, the cathode defining a watertight cathode chamber isolated from the water in the vessel, and, an anode housed in the cathode chamber, the anode including an internal passage for receiving a gas from outside of the vessel when the passage is connected to a gas supply, and wherein the anode is connectable to a power source for receiving power for generating a plasma in the cathode chamber. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a heat or power generating system or plant including the plasma heating apparatus.

An apparatus for the continuous ohmic thermal treatment of a fluid product includes a conduit defining a longitudinal flow path for the product to be treated extending between an inlet and an outlet. The conduit includes a first and a second heating chamber that are disposed longitudinally along an axis and arranged in sequence, with each heating chamber including a first electrode and a second electrode, separated by an electrical insulating member. The first electrode is located near the inlet or the outlet of the conduit, and the second electrode is located in an intermediate zone of the conduit. A first and a second rotor extend into the first chamber and the second chamber, respectively, and are rotatable about the longitudinal axis. A support system is configured to support in the radial direction the first and second rotors at the intermediate zone of the conduit.

A system is provided for heating a fluid in one or more cells, each including an electrode pair. The cells are arranged along a flow path, and a controller is configured to regulate the flow of the fluid from an inlet to the cells, determine at a first cell the electrical and thermal conductivity of the fluid, determine from the electrical conductivity a voltage to apply from a power source across the electrode pairs at a current sufficient to heat the fluid, pass the current from the electrode pairs to the fluid to produce the heated fluid, and determine a voltage to apply from the power source across the electrode pairs at a current sufficient to heat the fluid in a second cell based on the thermal conductivity of the fluid in the first cell. Related methods are also disclosed.

A plasma generator includes a cathode, an anode, and a stabilizing electrode. The stabilizing electrode stabilises a region of plasma within a fluid. Methods of plasma generation and uses thereof are also provided.

Combustion engineering, fluid heating, for example, water heating, using electricity to generate steam. The body of the device has of two identical halvesthe upper and the lower. The material of the body is heat-resistant polymer containing one or more isotopes according to the general variant of body implementation. Each half of the body is made identical to the other half and has an elliptical cross-section.

A heater assembly includes a housing that defines a reservoir, and an electric heater for heating a conductive fluid within the reservoir. The electric heater includes selectable electrodes, arrayed in such a way as to form channels that define a first fluidic path of a fluidic circuit within the reservoir of the heater assembly. The housing supports baffles that form a plurality of channels that define a second fluidic path within the reservoir that communicates with the first fluidic path to form the fluidic circuit. A recirculation pump is provided to pump the fluid through the fluidic circuit in a continuous loop to uniformly heat the fluid within the reservoir.