This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices for phytochemical extraction. One example extraction system includes two solvent columns, a material column, and a dewaxing column. The solvent columns store and provide solvent for stripping target chemicals from plant material in the material column. The solvent mixed with target chemicals passes into the dewaxing column, where the target chemicals are separated from waxes and lipids. Cooling is applied to elements of the system by way of an open-loop CO2 refrigeration method. Solvent is moved from the solvent columns to the material column by creating a pressure differential between the two solvent columns.

Use of cryogenic fuel tanks for the cooling of power electronics circuits to improve cooling capabilities for power electronics in vehicles or an aircraft. The power electronics circuit can be cooled via a cryogenic cooling loop by the fuel directly, or the fuel is used to cool a separated coolant tank. A control valve controls the coolant flow within the cryogenic cooling loop based on an electrical property of the power switching element of the power electronics circuit and or based on the way the power switching elements are electrically connected together. The control valve can control the coolant flow such that a junction temperature is achieved which minimizes the drain-source resistance.

A flow modulation device 300 for controlling a rheological state of a dispensed pressurized fluid includes a porous element 304 and an exit tube. The porous element 304 is in fluid communication with a distal end of an outlet tube 303 and receives pressurized fluid in a first rheological state. The porous element 304 includes a plurality of channels that divide a flow channel into a plurality of flow paths through which the pressurized fluid flows and that modulates the flow of the pressurized fluid. The exit tube 305 includes proximal end 355 and distal end 345 and an intermediate body including a sidewall 365 defining a hollow internal lumen 375. The exit tube 305 is in fluid communication with the porous element 304 and receives the modulated pressurized fluid from the plurality of flow paths and refocuses the fluid to dispense the pressurized fluid in a second rheological state.

A method and apparatus for cooling a load using liquid nitrogen conveyed in a circuit are provided. Cooled liquid nitrogen is used for cooling the liquid nitrogen conveyed in the circuit. A first proportion of the liquid nitrogen is cooled in an open cooling system and a second proportion is cooled in a closed cooling system using one or more cooling units. The open cooling system and closed cooling system are used for cooling of a power supply having a first end and a second end. The open cooling system is arranged at the first end and the closed cooling system is arranged at the second end. Cooling power is provided in a first time period as a first, smaller amount of total cooling power and in a second time period as a second, higher amount of total cooling power. A first proportion of the amount of total cooling power is provided by means of the open cooling system and a second proportion is provided by means of the closed cooling system. The first proportion in the first time period is set to a lower value than in the second time period.

A horizontal Dewar flask is used with an optical metrology device, which may advantageously reduce the vertical height of the device. A thermal transfer member provides thermal transfer between a liquefied gas cooled sensor and liquefied gas in a chamber of the Dewar flask. To compensate for the loss of thermal transfer from the sensor as the liquefied gas evaporates and changes to a gaseous state, the thermal transfer member biases heat transfer to the liquefied gas that is at the bottom of the chamber. The thermal transfer member may have a larger surface area at a bottom portion of the thermal transfer member than the upper portion. For example, the thermal transfer member may include one or more projections that extend into the liquefied gas with greater density at the bottom of the chamber than at the top of the chamber.

Disclosed are an in-line direct cryogenic method and system for cooling heated fluid food products, such as sauces. The method includes injecting cryogen directly into the fluid to be cooled while the flow rate of the fluid to be cooled is adjusted in response to downstream temperature measurements and while maintaining the injection rate of the cryogen into the fluid. According to the method the flow of the sauce is adjusted during the flow of the cryogen to achieve process stability, product uniformity and efficient use of the cryogen.

The invention relates to a coolable optical table with a table top and at least three table legs. Securing means for securing objects such as optical elements are provided in a table surface of the table top. The table legs are equipped with a damping device for damping vibrations.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices for phytochemical extraction. One example extraction system includes two solvent columns, a material column, and a dewaxing column. The solvent columns store and provide solvent for stripping target chemicals from plant material in the material column. The solvent mixed with target chemicals passes into the dewaxing column, where the target chemicals are separated from waxes and lipids. Cooling is applied to elements of the system by way of an open-loop CO2 refrigeration method. Solvent is moved from the solvent columns to the material column by creating a pressure differential between the two solvent columns.

An injection nozzle for injecting a substance, such as a cryogenic gas or cryogenic liquid, into the interior of a process vessel, or directly into material inside a process vessel, and includes a housing having a first internal chamber for receiving a fluid, and a second internal chamber having an actuator located therein, a valve body having an outlet, a stem positioned within the first internal chamber of the housing and having opposed proximal and distal ends, wherein the stem is reciprocally movable along its longitudinal axis in the housing to open and close the valve body outlet, and a sensor configured to receive a signal from the actuator.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices for phytochemical extraction. One example extraction system includes two solvent columns, a material column, and a dewaxing column. The solvent columns store and provide solvent for stripping target chemicals from plant material in the material column. The solvent mixed with target chemicals passes into the dewaxing column, where the target chemicals are separated from waxes and lipids. Cooling is applied to elements of the system by way of an open-loop CO2 refrigeration method. Solvent is moved from the solvent columns to the material column by creating a pressure differential between the two solvent columns.