A phased array of ultrasonic transducers may create arbitrary fields that can be utilized to manipulate fluids. This includes the translation of drops on smooth surfaces as well speeding the evaporation of fluids on wetted hands. Proposed herein is the use airborne ultrasound focused to the surface of the hand. The risk is that coupling directly into the bulk of the hand may cause damage to the cellular material through heating, mechanical stress, or cavitation. Using a phased array, the focus may be moved around, thus preventing acoustic energy from lingering too long on one particular position of the hand. While some signaling may penetrate into the hand, most of the energy (99.9%) is reflected. Also disclosed are methods to couple just to the wetted surface of the hand.

The invention relates to a freeze-drying system for drying products containing liquid and to a method for operating a freeze-drying system, said freeze-drying system having a vacuum chamber, in which at least one holding device for holding the products containing liquid is inserted, a coolable condenser being provided, on which liquid drawn from the product in a drying phase can be condensed from a vapor phase. According to the invention, at least one sound generator is arranged on the holding device, by means of which sound generator sound can be applied to the product during the drying phase.

The invention relates to a freeze-drying system for drying products containing liquid and to a method for operating a freeze-drying system, said freeze-drying system having a vacuum chamber, in which at least one holding device for holding the products containing liquid is inserted, a coolable condenser being provided, on which liquid drawn from the product in a drying phase can be condensed from a vapor phase. According to the invention, at least one sound generator is arranged on the holding device, by means of which sound generator sound can be applied to the product during the drying phase.

A method of manufacturing a fuel cell catalyst layer includes: coating a top surface of a sheet with a catalyst ink, wherein the catalyst ink includes an ionomer; and drying the catalyst ink on the sheet being conveyed along a conveying direction by spraying a center of an ultrasonic airflow toward a direction opposite to the conveying direction, wherein the ultrasonic airflow is obtained by applying ultrasonic waves to an airflow.

A method of manufacturing a fuel cell catalyst layer includes: coating a top surface of a sheet with a catalyst ink, wherein the catalyst ink includes an ionomer; and drying the catalyst ink on the sheet being conveyed along a conveying direction by spraying a center of an ultrasonic airflow toward a direction opposite to the conveying direction, wherein the ultrasonic airflow is obtained by applying ultrasonic waves to an airflow.

A method of preparing cellulosic biomass material for subsequent processing first comprises moving at least one stream of biomass material along a flow path. Then, the stream of cellulosic biomass material can be explosively dried and pulverized to disrupt lignocellulosic bonds, and to reduce a moisture content and a particle size of the cellulosic biomass material. Then, the stream of cellulosic biomass material can be electrically degraded the stream of cellulosic biomass material to disrupt lignocellulosic bonds. Additional pre-treatment and post-treatment processes can also be included.

A method of preparing cellulosic biomass material for subsequent processing first comprises moving at least one stream of biomass material along a flow path. Then, the stream of cellulosic biomass material can be explosively dried and pulverized to disrupt lignocellulosic bonds, and to reduce a moisture content and a particle size of the cellulosic biomass material. Then, the stream of cellulosic biomass material can be electrically degraded the stream of cellulosic biomass material to disrupt lignocellulosic bonds. Additional pre-treatment and post-treatment processes can also be included.

The processing device for small parts is equipped with ultrasound probes for decreasing the number of particles and with microwave generators for drying the small parts.

The processing device for small parts is equipped with ultrasound probes for decreasing the number of particles and with microwave generators for drying the small parts.

An apparatus for reducing the size of a solid material into smaller particles having an implosion chamber for containing the solid material and creating turbulence and ultrasonic soundwaves. The soundwaves generated by a flail propeller bounce off the chamber walls to create sound frequencies causing the expansion of moisture particles in the solid material leading to implosion of moisture particles within the solid material. The implosion thereby results in reducing the size of solid material, wherein a separating section that receives the smaller material from the implosion chamber channels the coarser particles back into the chamber to go through additional disintegration process. The rotation of the flail propeller within the chamber causes the moisture particles of the solid material to oscillate at high frequency and expansion that disintegrates the solid material. During this process, the moisture content is converted into vapor.