Invention relates to a vertical ring shaft kiln comprising a vertical burning region (1); an intermediate sintering zone (Z.sub.3) surrounded by a first wall (10) and an opposite second wall (20) at the burning region (1) to obtain a clinker from a particulate raw material flowing downwards direction.

A method of manufacture for a carbon/carbon part including a method to remove contamination from an intermediate product of the carbon/carbon part and furnace utilizing a gaseous reducing agent hydrogen gas to reduce the contaminates, thereby causing the contaminates to transition to a gaseous state at relatively lower temperatures. A method to remove contamination from an intermediate product of the carbon/carbon part and furnace utilizing hydrogen gas to reduce the contaminates, thereby causing the contaminates to transition to a gaseous state at relatively lower temperatures.

An object is to measure the fine ratio, or the ratio of fines adhering to the surface of lumps of material, in real time with high accuracy.

A fine ratio measuring method includes a step S1 of measuring a distance between a distance measuring device and lumps of material, a step S2 of calculating a feature quantity from distance data obtained in the step S1, and a step S3 of converting the feature quantity calculated in the step S2 to a fine ratio. The feature quantity calculated in the step S2 represents distance variation calculated from the distance data obtained in the step S1. A higher fine ratio in lumps of material means greater microscopic distance variation caused by microscopic irregularities in the surface of the lumps of material in the height direction within a three-dimensional shape. Therefore, by using the distance variation as the feature quantity, the fine ratio in the lumps of material can be measured in real time with high accuracy.

A method includes firing a first burner into a furnace process chamber in a first initial condition, firing a second burner into the process chamber in a second initial condition, and measuring temperature at each of an array of locations in the process chamber. The first burner is adjusted to a first adjusted condition while the second burner is being fired at the second initial condition, and a resulting first temperature change is measured at each of the locations. The second burner is adjusted to a second adjusted condition while the first burner is being fired at the first initial condition, and a resulting second temperature change is measured at each of the locations. The measured first and second temperature changes are recorded as reference data for adjusting burner conditions to adjust temperatures at each of the locations. The method can thus be used to improve temperature uniformity throughout the array of locations.

A heat treatment apparatus includes: a vertically-extended processing container configured to accommodate a substrate; a gas supply including a gas supply pipe that extends along an inner wall surface of the processing container in a vertical direction; a heater having a heat insulating material provided around the processing container, and a heating element provided along the inner wall surface of the heat insulating material; and a cooler having a fluid flow path formed outside the heat insulating material, and a blowing-out hole penetrating the heat insulating material and configured to blow out a cooling fluid toward the gas supply pipe, the blowing-out hole having one end that communicates with the fluid flow path and a remaining end that communicates with a space between the processing container and the heat insulating material. A plurality of blowing-out holes is provided in the gas supply pipe in a longitudinal direction.

A processing apparatus for a thermal treatment of a workpiece is presented. The processing apparatus includes a processing chamber, a workpiece support disposed within the processing chamber, a rotation system configured to rotate the workpiece support, a gas delivery system configured to flow one or more process gases into the processing chamber from the a first side of the processing chamber, one or more gas exhaust ports for removing gas from the processing chamber such that a vacuum pressure can be maintained, one or more radiative heating sources disposed on the second side of the processing chamber, one or more dielectric windows disposed between the workpiece support and the one or more radiative heating sources, and a workpiece temperature measurement system configured at a temperature measurement wavelength range to obtain a measurement indicative of a temperature of a back side of the workpiece.

A monitoring method of a steelmaking process in a steelmaking vessel, wherein matters Mn, each having its respective properties PMn, are charged into said steelmaking vessel so as to produce a liquid steel and a slag.

A control scheme for a furnace can use real-time and historical data to model performance and determine relationships between different data and performance parameters for use in correcting suboptimal performance of the furnace in real-time. Operational parameters can be logged throughout the cycle for all cycles for a period of time in order to establish a baseline. This data can then be used to calculate the performance of the process. A regression analysis can be carried out in order to determine which parameters affect different aspects of performance. These relationships can then be used to predict performance during a single cycle in real-time and provide closed or open loop feedback to control furnace operation to result in enhanced performance.

A method for adjusting furnace temperature of a reflow oven by AI, through obtaining product data of the reflow oven, obtaining initial characteristic data of a preceding work station and calculating mean values of temperatures of an upper furnace and a lower furnace, and taking the mean values as initial reflow characteristic data. Data as to first reflow characteristics of each reflow temperature zone and second reflow characteristics data of each zone are obtained, and data of the first and second reflow characteristics data are obtained. The electronic device further combines the characteristic data of the preceding work station with the combined reflow characteristics and combines results into a trained neural network model to output a temperature prediction, the oven temperature being adjusted according to the temperature prediction.

The present disclosure relates to a tempering furnace for a glass sheet, which has a conveyor for the glass sheet, first convection blow means over the conveyor to heat the glass sheet by hot air jets blown on its top and/or bottom surface, and second convection blow means to help lead pressurized air from outside the tempering furnace to second blow nozzles from which air is discharged as jets towards the top and/or bottom surface of the glass sheet. The heating effect of the air jets on the glass sheet is adjustable by adjusting the feeding of electric current to electric elements inside blowing channels. Blow nozzles of the second convection blow means form blow zones. The heating effect on the glass sheet of the jets discharged from the second blow nozzles inside the blow zones is adjustable by adjusting the blowing pressure of feed pipes.