The invention relates to a device for controlling and/or regulating an annealing or heat treatment furnace (2) of a production line (1) processing metal material, which comprises the annealing or heat treatment furnace (2) and at least one measuring instrument (7, 8, 17), which detects at least one material property of a strip material (6) located in the production line (1), wherein the annealing or heat treatment furnace (2) and the at least one measuring instrument (7, 8) interact in a regulating and/or control circuit of an automated process control, which regulates and/or controls the annealing or heat treatment furnace (2) in connection with a furnace control, wherein according to the invention, a solution is created wherein an improvement of the process control over the previously known prior art can be achieved. This is achieved in that the at least one measuring instrument (7, 8) is arranged behind the annealing or heat treatment furnace (2) in the strap material processing direction (5) and detects online a measured value reproducing and/or depicting a mechanical material property of the strap material (6) and transmits said measured value to a regulating and/or control unit (18) as a data transfer signal.

Estimating the time of reaching steady-state uniform load temperature of a load in a heat treatment process in the absence of a load temperature sensor. In an embodiment, a system utilizes signals and parameters available on a temperature controller to estimate the period of time required for a load to reach a steady-state temperature in a heat treatment process. When the estimate of the temperature of the load reaches the steady-state condition, the system advances the heat treatment process from a load heating phase to another phase.

Automatically generating a compensation factor for adjusting an operating parameter such that a measured carbon potential, dew point, or other controlled parameter matches the controller's set point value by inputting the measured parameter directly to the controller.

To enable a ladle-tilting automatic pouring device to take less time for identification of the parameters and the device to pour highly precisely by sequentially updating pouring model parameters according to the pouring situation, the present pouring control method is based on a mathematical model of a process from input of control parameters to pouring of molten metal, the method including: identifying, using an optimization technique, a flow rate coefficient, a liquid density, and a pouring start angle that is a tilting angle of the pouring ladle when the flowing of the molten metal starts, which are the control parameters in the mathematical model, based on weight of liquid that flows out of the pouring ladle and tilting angle of the ladle that are measured during pouring, and a command signal that controls the tilting of the pouring ladle; and updating the control parameters to the identified control parameters.

The present invention relates to a melting equipment including: two direct-current arc furnaces each including two or more graphite electrodes; a power supply unit including four or more power supply devices; a connection switching unit configured to selectively connect each of the power supply devices to each of the direct-current arc furnaces; and a power supply control unit configured to control power supply from each of the power supply devices to each of the direct-current arc furnaces, in which power supply to only any one of the two direct-current arc furnaces and simultaneous power supply to both direct-current arc furnaces are selectable, and during the simultaneous power supply, power is supplied exceeding 50% of capacities of all the power supply devices to any one of the direct-current arc furnaces.

The present invention related to an electrical element (100, 101, 102) including an electrically conductive element (3, 5, 10, 31, 32, 51), characterized in that the electrical element also includes a first layer (1) of a polymer material with electrical conductivity gradient obtained from a polymer composition including at least one polymer and conductive carbonaceous fillers.

A raw material supply apparatus that supplies a raw material into a flash smelting furnace and supplies a first gas contributing to a reaction of the raw material into the flash smelting furnace, includes: a raw material passage that is provided out of a lance through which the first gas passes, the raw material passing through the raw material passage; and an adjuster that adjusts a distribution of the raw material by blowing a second gas to the raw material passing through the raw material passage.

A raw material supply apparatus that supplies a raw material into a flash smelting furnace and supplies a first gas contributing to a reaction of the raw material into the flash smelting furnace, includes: a raw material passage that is provided out of a lance through which the first gas passes, the raw material passing through the raw material passage; and an adjuster that adjusts a distribution of the raw material by blowing a second gas to the raw material passing through the raw material passage.

Provided is a substrate processing apparatus. The substrate processing apparatus includes a chamber providing an inner space in which a process with respect to a substrate is performed, a heating plate on which the substrate is placed, the heating plate being fixedly disposed within the chamber, a heater spaced from a lower portion of the heating plate to heat the heating plate, and a lift module lifting the heater.

Apparatus and methods for operating an autoclave. One embodiment includes a baffle located in an autoclave during a run cycle of the autoclave. A release mechanism secures the baffle in a retracted position during the run cycle, and automatically releases the baffle to a deployed position during the run cycle, when a temperature inside of the autoclave reaches a target temperature, to alter airflow within the autoclave.