A heat exchanger includes: a fin extending in a widthwise direction along an air flow direction and extending in a longitudinal direction crossing the air flow direction; and a heat transfer tube passing through the fin. The fin includes a planar portion, and a plurality of first protruding portions and a plurality of second protruding portions that protrude from the planar portion. The plurality of first protruding portions include a first projection curved downward in the longitudinal direction, and a second projection curved upward in the longitudinal direction. Each of the plurality of second protruding portions surrounds a corresponding one of the plurality of through holes. A vertex of the first projection and a vertex of the second projection are located at the same position in the widthwise direction.

A method of operating a heat exchanger involves conveying a first fluid having a first temperature along spaced apart first passages of the heat exchanger and conveying a second fluid along spaced apart second passages of the heat exchanger while the first fluid is being conveyed along the first passages to transfer heat from the second fluid to the first fluid. The method also includes conveying a fluid along the third passages when the temperature of the second fluid in at least some of the second passages is below a predetermined temperature to transfer heat from the fluid being conveyed along the third passages to the second fluid.

A highly efficient heat exchanger member is realized by providing, to a metal surface, a characteristic that is not found in the metal itself with a coating film excelling in thermal conductivity.

A heat exchanger member is made of metal, and includes a carbon-containing oxide film (112B) provided on the metal surface and having fine concave-convex portions (112C). An average spacing between apexes of convex portions of the fine concave-convex portions (112C) is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 120 nm, and an average value of differences in height between apexes of adjacent convex portions and bottom points of concave portions is greater than or equal to 30 nm and less than or equal to 250 nm.

A heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising: a first plurality of layers, each of the first plurality of layers including: a corrugated sheet comprising a series of regular corrugations across its width for flow of liquid therethrough, the series of corrugations having a predetermined period; and a de-congealing channel for flow of liquid across the width of the corrugated sheet in parallel with the corrugations, the de-congealing channel formed at least in part by two adjacent corrugations, that are separated by greater than the predetermined period.

A heat exchanger capable of automatically defrosting or deicing includes row tubes and fins. A refrigerating medium can be led into the row tubes. The fins are arranged on an outer wall of the row tube. And heights of the fins extend in a radial direction of the row tube. Each of the fins include a first heat conducting part and a second heat conducting part that are connected with the row tube in sequence. A thermal conductivity of the second heat conducting part is smaller than a thermal conductivity of the first heat conducting part and a thermal conductivity of the row tube. An outer surface of the first heat conducting part and an outer surface of the row tube are both coated with a micron or nanometer hydrophobic layer, which is a hydrophobic coating or a hydrophobic oil film.

A heat exchanger includes a first end opposite a second end, a first side opposite a second side, a first layer, and a second layer. The first side and the second side extend from the first end to the second end. The first layer includes an inlet at the first end and an outlet at the second end of the heat exchanger. The second layer includes a first passage at the first end of the heat exchanger and extending from the first side to the second side and a second passage adjacent to the first passage. The second passage extends from the first side to the second side. The second layer further includes a third passage extending from the second end toward the second passage. The first passage is fluidically connected to the third passage proximate the second end and the third passage is fluidically connected to the second passage.

In certain embodiments, the invention is directed to apparatus comprising a liquid-impregnated surface, said surface comprising an impregnating liquid and a matrix of solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween or therewithin, and methods thereof. In some embodiments, one or both of the following holds: (i) 0<ϕ≤0.25, where ϕ is a representative fraction of the projected surface area of the liquid-impregnated surface corresponding to non-submerged solid at equilibrium; and (ii) S.sub.ow(a)<0, where S.sub.ow(a) is spreading coefficient, defined as γ.sub.wa−γ.sub.wo−γ.sub.oa, where γ is the interfacial tension between the two phases designated by subscripts w, a, and o, where w is water, a is air, and o is the impregnating liquid.

A refrigerator includes a storage space, an evaporator configured to cool air in the storage space based on heat exchange of a refrigerant, and a defroster configured to remove frost formed on the evaporator. The defroster incudes a pipe extended around the evaporator and including a circulation channel through which working fluid circulates, a fluid storage including a first opening and a second opening respectively communicating with opposite end portions of the pipe and configured to store the working fluid, and a pumping part disposed at a selected position on the circulation channel of the pipe between the evaporator and the fluid storage and configured to vaporize the working fluid to circulate the vaporized working fluid in the circulation channel.

Provided is a heat exchanger which includes: multiple heat transfer pipes in which refrigerant flows; and a corrugated fin joined to the heat transfer pipes; and multiple plate-shaped fins. The plate-shaped fins are joined to at least one of each heat transfer pipe or the corrugated fin, and are arranged on a windward side in an air blowing direction with respect to the corrugated fin such that a plate width direction of each plate-shaped fin is substantially coincident with a plate width direction of the corrugated fin.

A heat exchanger assembly, an indirect evaporative heat exchanger including the heat exchanger, and methods of operating the same. The heat exchanger assembly includes at least one tube, a plurality of sections, and a plurality of nozzles. The at least one tube is configured to (i) have a process fluid flow therethrough in a first direction and (ii) have a scavenger cooling medium flow over the outer surface of the tube in a second direction. The second direction intersects the first direction. The plurality of sections is aligned in the first direction. The plurality of nozzles are located above the at least one tube. At least one nozzle of the plurality of nozzles is (i) located in each of the plurality of sections and (ii) configured to selectively discharge coolant onto the portion of the tube in that section of the heat exchanger.