A computer implemented method for controlling the operation of an engine system in a vehicle is provided. The engine system comprising an engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system for reducing at least NOx emissions of the exhaust gases from the engine using a reductant, the engine system comprising a plurality of engine system components configured to perform a plurality of NOx emission reducing activities.

Methods and systems are provided for selecting a first travel route for a vehicle from a database based on particulate filter regeneration requirements and an inferred initial driver state of mind. In one example, the initial driver state of mind may be selected based on a past driver history, and during travel along the first travel route, the driver state of mind may be updated based on the driver interactions with traffic. The route selection may also be updated based on the updated driver state of mind.

Technical solutions are described for an emissions control system for a motor vehicle including an internal combustion engine. The emissions control system includes a reductant injector device, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device, and a controller. The controller determines a reductant energizing time for the reductant injector device based on one or more operating conditions of the SCR device. The controller further computes a diagnostic adaptation factor for the reductant energizing time based on an on-board diagnostic signal. The controller further inputs an amount of reductant into the SCR device by adjusting a reductant energizing time of the reductant injector device according to the diagnostic adaptation factor.

A learning use data set showing relationships among an engine speed, an engine load rate, an air-fuel ratio of the engine, an ignition timing of the engine, an HC or CO concentration of exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust purification catalyst and a temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst is acquired. The acquired engine speed, engine load rate, air-fuel ratio of the engine, ignition timing of the engine, and HC or CO concentration of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification catalyst are used as input parameters of a neural network and the acquired temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst is used as training data to learn a weight of the neural network. The learned neural network is used to estimate the temperature of the exhaust purification catalyst.

A catalyst state estimation apparatus includes a first sensor, a memory and a processor. The first sensor is configured to acquire information about a catalyst that removes a toxic substance in an exhaust gas, the first sensor being provided in a main passage into which the exhaust gas flows from an internal combustion engine. The memory is configured to previously store a catalyst state estimation model that includes at least one mathematical model. The processor is configured to estimate a removal performance of the catalyst by applying the information about the catalyst acquired by the first sensor to the catalyst state estimation model.

An exemplary method includes determining an NH.sub.3 reference target in an exhaust conduit between a first SCR catalyst and a second SCR catalyst. The method includes determining a present amount of NH.sub.3 in the exhaust conduit between the first SCR catalyst and the second SCR catalyst, and determining an NH.sub.3 error term in response to the NH.sub.3 reference target and the present amount of NH.sub.3. The method further includes determining an amount of NO.sub.x downstream of the second SCR catalyst, and adjusting one of the NH.sub.3 reference target and a reductant doser command in response to the amount of NO.sub.x downstream of the second SCR catalyst. The method further includes providing a reductant doser command in response to the NH.sub.3 error term.

Methods and systems are provided for selecting a first travel route for a vehicle from a database based on particulate filter regeneration requirements and an inferred initial driver state of mind. In one example, the initial driver state of mind may be selected based on a past driver history, and during travel along the first travel route, the driver state of mind may be updated based on the driver interactions with traffic. The route selection may also be updated based on the updated driver state of mind.

A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas sensor that has a sensor element and a heater for electrically heating the sensor element, a sensor circuit that detects the electric current generated by the exhaust gas sensor, a controller configured to: carry out starting processing to start the internal combustion engine, learn a value of the output of the sensor circuit when the starting processing is carried out by the controller, and control a temperature of the sensor element by using the heater, and controls the temperature of the sensor element to less than the predetermined temperature until the learning of the output value of the sensor circuit by the controller is completed after the starting processing is carried out by the controller.

A method for determining a mass flow of ammonia between two SCR catalytic converters disposed one after the other in an SCR catalytic converter system in an exhaust system, which comprises only one reduction agent dosing unit upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter, characterized in that the determination is carried out from the signal of a NOx sensor disposed between the two SCR catalytic converters and the signal of a NOx sensor disposed downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter.

A radio frequency sensor system comprising a housing defining a resonant cavity. Radio frequency probe(s) in the cavity transmit and/or receive radio frequency signals. A radio frequency control unit is in communication with the radio frequency probe(s) for determining one or more states of the radio frequency sensor system based on changes in the characteristics of the radio frequency signals. A machine learning system is in communication with the radio frequency control unit for identifying and developing transfer functions and calibrations based on the changes in the characteristics of the radio frequency signals and determining the one or more states of the radio frequency sensor system.