Determining an ammonia mass flow between two SCR catalytic converters

Abstract

A method for determining a mass flow of ammonia between two SCR catalytic converters disposed one after the other in an SCR catalytic converter system in an exhaust system, which comprises only one reduction agent dosing unit upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter, characterized in that the determination is carried out from the signal of a NOx sensor disposed between the two SCR catalytic converters and the signal of a NOx sensor disposed downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter.

Claims

1. A method for determining a mass flow of ammonia between a first SCR catalytic converter and a second SCR catalytic converter, the second SCR catalytic converter disposed downstream of the first SCR catalytic converter in an SCR catalytic converter system (20) in an exhaust system (11), the exhaust system further comprising a reduction agent dosing unit (21) upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter (22), the method comprising: receiving, with an electronic control unit, a first signal from a NOx sensor electrically coupled to the electronic control unit and disposed between the first SCR catalytic converter and the second SCR catalytic converter; receiving, with the electronic control unit, a second signal from a second NOx sensor electrically coupled to the electronic control unit disposed downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter; and determining, with the electronic control unit, a mass flow of ammonia between the first SCR catalytic converter and the second SCR catalytic converter.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electronic control unit is configured to determine a difference between the first signal and the second signal when determining the mass flow of ammonia.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination is carried out at an operating point of the SCR catalytic converter system (20) at which a change of the levels of ammonia of the first SCR catalytic converter and the second SCR catalytic converter does not exceed a change threshold value.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination is carried out at an operating point of the SCR catalytic converter system (20) at which an ammonia slip at the second SCR catalytic converter (23) does not exceed a slip threshold value.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the mass flow of ammonia is further based upon an efficiency of the second SCR catalytic converter.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one modelled level of ammonia of the first SCR catalytic converter and the second SCR catalytic converter is corrected based upon the determined mass flow of ammonia.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a first specific demand for a first dosing agent for the SCR catalytic converter system and a second specific demand for a second dosing agent for the first SCR catalytic converter are determined by the electronic control unit based upon the first signal and the second signal, and wherein the mass flow of ammonia is determined by comparing an integral against time of the first specific demand and the second specific demand.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determination of the first specific demand and the second specific demand is further based on a second mass of ammonia introduced by the reduction agent dosing unit into the exhaust system and a mass of nitrogen oxides upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program containing instructions that when carried out on an electronic control unit cause the electronic control unit to: receive a first signal from a first NOx sensor disposed between a first SCR catalytic converter and a second SCR catalytic converter, wherein the second SCR catalytic converter is disposed after the first SCR catalytic converter in an SCR catalytic converter system in an exhaust system; receive a second signal from a second NOx sensor disposed downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter; and determine a mass flow of ammonia based upon the first signal and second signal.

10. An electronic control unit (40) that is configured to: receive a first signal from a first NOx sensor disposed between a first SCR catalytic converter and a second SCR catalytic converter, the second SCR catalytic converter disposed after the first SCR catalytic converter in an SCR catalytic converter system in an exhaust system, wherein the exhaust system further comprises a reduction agent dosing system upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter; receive a second signal from a second NOx sensor disposed downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter; and determine a mass flow of ammonia between the first SCR catalytic converter and the second SCR catalytic converter based upon the first signal and the second signal.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are represented in the drawings and are described in detail in the following description.

(2) FIG. 1 shows schematically an SCR catalytic converter system with two SCR catalytic converters, the mass flow of ammonia of which between the two SCR catalytic converters can be determined by means of a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

(3) FIG. 2 shows the time profile of the specific dosing agent demand of an SCR catalytic converter system with two SCR catalytic converters and of the specific dosing agent demand of one of said two SCR catalytic converters in a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

(4) FIG. 3 shows the time profile of the ammonia concentration between two SCR catalytic converters in an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) An internal combustion engine 10 comprises in the exhaust system 11 thereof an SCRcatalytic converter system 20, which is represented in FIG. 1. Said catalytic converter system comprises a reduction agent dosing unit 21, with which a urea water solution can be injected into the exhaust system 11. Ammonia is released from the urea water solution at the high temperatures of the exhaust gas. A first SCR catalytic converter 22 and a second SCR catalytic converter 23 are disposed downstream of the reduction agent dosing unit 21. A first NOx sensor 31 is disposed in the exhaust system 11 upstream of the reduction agent dosing unit 21. A second NOx sensor 32 is disposed between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23. A third NOx sensor is disposed downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 23. All the NOx sensors 31, 32, 33 pass the signals thereof to an electronic control unit 40. As the NOx sensors 31, 32, 33 react cross-sensitively to ammonia, the signals thereof are summation signals for nitrogen oxide and ammonia. The first NOx sensor is, however, disposed upstream of the reduction agent dosing unit 21, so that it measures the amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas reliably. If the SCR catalytic converter system 20 is operated such that no ammonia slip should occur at the second SCR catalytic converter 23, then it can be assumed that the signal of the third NOx sensor is exclusively based on nitrogen oxides. As an ammonia slip is envisaged at the first SCR catalytic converter 22 in order to supply the second SCR catalytic converter 23 with ammonia, the second NOx sensor certainly always provides a summation signal of ammonia and nitrogen oxides. The reduction agent dosing unit 21 also relays the amount of ammonia dispensed into the exhaust system 11 to the control unit 40.

(6) A first exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the difference between the concentration r(NH.sub.3)_21 of the ammonia released from the reduction agent solution introduced by means of the reduction agent dosing unit 21 and the ammonia concentration r(NH.sub.3)_32 at the second NOx sensor 32 corresponds to the difference between the nitrogen oxide concentration r(NOx)_31 upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter 22 and the nitrogen oxide concentration r(NOx)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23 according to equation 1:
r(NH.sub.3)_21r(NH.sub.3)_32=r(NOx)_31r(NOx)_32(Equation 1)

(7) In this case the concentration value r(sens)_32 passed from the second NOx sensor 32 to the control unit 40 corresponds to the sum of the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ammonia between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23 according to equation 2:
r(sens)_32=r(NOx)_32+r(NH.sub.3)_32(Equation 2)

(8) Furthermore, according to equation 3 the introduced nitrogen oxide concentration r(NH.sub.3)_21 should correspond to the difference between the nitrogen oxide concentration upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter 22 and the nitrogen oxide concentration r(NOx)_33 downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 23:
r(NH.sub.3)_21=r(NOx)_31r(NOx)_33(Equation 3)

(9) From equations 1 to 3 equation 4 results, which enables the calculation of the ammonia concentration r(NH.sub.3)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23 from the sensor signals of the second NOx sensor 32 and of the third NOx sensor 33:
r(NH.sub.3)_32=[r(sens)_32r(NOx)_33]/2(Equation 4)

(10) If no ammonia slip takes place at the second SCR catalytic converter 23, then the nitrogen oxide concentration r(NOx)_33 downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 23 can be obtained from the signal of the third NOx sensor 33. The mass flow of ammonia can be calculated by determining the two concentration values against time.

(11) In a second exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, the specific demand for a dosing agent facDos_22 of the first SCR catalytic converter 22 is calculated according to equation 5. In this case m(NH.sub.3)_21 denotes the introduced mass of ammonia and the difference between the mass of nitrogen oxides m(NOx)_31 upstream of the first SCR catalytic converter 22 and the mass of nitrogen oxides m(NOx)_32 downstream of the first SCR catalytic converter corresponds to the mass of nitrogen oxides converted in the first SCR catalytic converter:
Dos_22=m(NH.sub.3)_21/[m(NOx)_31(m(NOx)_32+m(NH.sub.3)_32)] (Equation 5)

(12) The mass of nitrogen oxides m(NOx)_32 and the mass of ammonia m(NH.sub.3)_32 cannot be measured directly. Because the mass signal m(sens)_32 provided by the second nitrogen oxide sensor 32 corresponds to the sum of the mass of nitrogen oxides m(NOx)_32 and the mass of ammonia m(NH.sub.3)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23, equation 5 can be replaced by equation 6:
Dos_22=m(NH.sub.3.sub._21)/[m(NOx)_31m(sens)_32](Equation 6)

(13) In order to calculate the specific demand for a dosing agent facDos.sub.13 20 of the entire SCR catalytic converter system 20, according to equation 7 the mass of nitrogen oxides downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 22 measured by the third NOx sensor 33 is also necessary:
Dos_20=m(NH.sub.3.sub._21/[m(NOx)_31m(NOx)_33](Equation 7)

(14) Here it is assumed that no ammonia slip takes place downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 23, so errors are not introduced into the signal of the third NOx sensor 33 by ammonia. Moreover, equation 8 for the entire SCR catalytic converter system 20 can be constructed based on the nitrogen oxide reduction in the first SCR catalytic converter 22:
Dos_20=[m(NH.sub.3.sub._21)m(NH.sub.3.sub._32)]/[m(NOx)_31m(NOx)_32] (Equation 8)

(15) By means of equations 6 to 8, the two dosing agent demands facDos_20, facDos_22 can be determined from the available sensor data. Here it must be noted that the molecular weights of ammonia and nitrogen oxides are different. The mass of nitrogen oxides is always calculated using the molecular weight of nitrogen dioxide. The profile thereof against time tin an exemplary operating state of the internal combustion engine 10 is represented in FIG. 2. The difference of the integrals against time of the two dosing agent demands facDos_20, facDos_22 is proportional to the mass flow of ammonia between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23. A high mass flow of ammonia, and thereby a large ammonia slip at the first SCR catalytic converter 22, occurs where the profiles against time of the two specific dosing agent demands facDos_20, facDos_22 differ significantly. Where they approximate to each other, the mass flow of ammonia is low. This has been verified by introducing an ammonia sensor that is not shown in FIG. 1 into the exhaust system 11 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23. The profile against time of the ammonia concentration r(NH.sub.3)_32 measured by the same is represented in FIG. 3. A calculation of the mass of ammonia m(NH.sub.3)_32 from the measured sensor values can be carried out according to equation 9:
m(NH.sub.3)_32=[(m(NH.sub.3)_21/facDos_20)(m(NH.sub.3)_21/facDos_22)]/[(1/(facDos_20))+1] (Equation 9)

(16) In a third exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, the knowledge is used that according to equation 10 the mass flow of nitrogen oxide dm(NOx)_33 downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 23 corresponds to the difference between the mass flow of nitrogen oxide dm(NOx)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23 and the mass flow of the ammonia slip dm(NH.sub.3)_32 of the first SCR catalytic converter 22, to which is added the difference m(NH.sub.3) between the mass of ammonia delivered to and the mass of ammonia consumed by the second SCR catalytic converter 23:
dm(NOx)_33=dm(NOx)_32dm(NH.sub.3)_32+m(NH.sub.3)(Equation 10)

(17) Here too it must be noted that the molecular weights of ammonia and nitrogen oxides are different. Furthermore, the difference m(NH.sub.3) corresponds to the mass flow of nitrogen oxide dm(NOx)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23 and the mass flow of nitrogen oxide dm(NOx)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters 22, 23 multiplied by the efficiency ETA(23) of the second SCR catalytic converter according to equation 11:
m(NH.sub.3)=dm(NO.sub.x)_32ETA(23)dm(NOx)_32(Equation 11)

(18) The following equation results from the two equations 10 and 11:
dm(NOx)_33=(1ETA(23))dm(NOx)_32(Equation 12)

(19) Analogous to equation 2, according to equation 13 the mass flow dm(sens)_32 measured by the second NOx sensor corresponds to the sum of the mass flow of nitrogen oxide dm(NOx)_32 and the mass flow of ammonia dm(NH.sub.3)_32 between the two SCR catalytic converters:
dm(sens)_32=dm(NOx)_32+dm(NH.sub.3)_32(Equation 13)

(20) A possibility results from equations 11 and 12 for calculation of the mass flow of ammonia dm(NH.sub.3)_32 according to equation 14:
dm(NH.sub.3)_32=dm(sens)_32[dm(NOx)_33]/[1ETA(23)](Equation 14)

(21) For this purpose, the efficiency ETA(23) can be obtained from a model of the second SCR catalytic converter 23. The mass flow of nitrogen oxide dm(NOx)_33 downstream of the second SCR catalytic converter 23 can be obtained from the sensor signal of the third NOx sensor 33 if no ammonia slip occurs at the second SCR catalytic converter 23.