A method for operating an exhaust-gas burner (B) of a vehicle (100) which has at least an internal combustion engine (V) and a catalytic converter (C1, C2), wherein exhaust gases (22, 24) of the exhaust-gas burner (B) are merged, upstream of the catalytic converter (C1, C2), with exhaust gases (12) of the internal combustion engine (V), forming an exhaust-gas mixture, wherein a lambda value of the exhaust gases (22, 24) of the exhaust-gas burner (B) is set in a manner dependent on a lambda value of the exhaust gases (12) of the internal combustion engine (V).

A selective catalytic reduction system control system (10) and method of its use include an ammonia (“NH.sub.3”) slip sensor (13) located within an interior space (27) of an exhaust stack (15) of a selective catalytic reactor (31), toward an inlet end (25) of the stack (15); a housing (17) located within the interior space of the exhaust stack; the housing including face panels 19; a nitrogen oxides (“NOx”) sensor (11) contained within an interior space (29) defined by the face panels of the housing, at least two of the face panels (19.sub.I, 19.sub.O) containing an oxidation catalyst; and a dosing controller (59) in communication with the NH.sub.3 and NOx sensors, the dosing controller including a microprocessor with dosing logic embedded thereon. The housing with oxidation catalyst acts as a linear box, isolating the NOx sensor from NH.sub.3 slip, linearizing the NOx sensor signal.

A system includes an aftertreatment system having a catalyst, a heater, at least one sensor configured to determine an exhaust gas temperature, and a controller. The controller is structured to determine whether the exhaust gas temperature is at or below a predefined threshold temperature, provide a first command to start and control the heater in response to the exhaust gas temperature being at or below the predefined threshold temperature, modulate control of the heater as a function of the predefined threshold temperature and an actual temperature, and selectively provide a second command for a close post injection based on the exhaust gas temperature. The controller is further structured to coordinate the first and second commands using a chaining sequence, wherein the first command is provided followed by the second command only if the predefined threshold temperature is not attained by the first command.

Various embodiments include a diesel engine comprising: an exhaust gas line; a diesel particulate filter arranged in the exhaust gas line; a first NO sensor arranged in the exhaust gas line upstream of the diesel particulate filter; and a second NO sensor arranged in the exhaust gas line downstream of the diesel particulate filter.

A method for controlling an SCR catalytic converter (20, 30), comprising detecting (200) concentration values (314, 324; 414, 424) in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter (20), wherein at least one concentration value for NH.sub.3 and one concentration value for NO.sub.x is detected; calculating (202) modeled concentration values (316, 322; 416, 422) for NH.sub.3 and NO.sub.x downstream of the catalytic converter on the basis of a catalytic converter model, wherein the model comprises an aging parameter (342, 442) which at least partially describes aging of the modeled catalytic converter; comparing (208) the detected concentration values with the modeled concentration values; and, in a manner dependent on the result of the comparison, changing the aging parameter (342, 442) of the model and/or changing a predefined dosing quantity for a reducing agent in the SCR catalytic converter.

A device that includes a conduit, a first window, a second window, a first catalyzed layer, a second catalyzed layer, an optical source, and an optical detector is disclosed. The conduit may be configured to receive an exhaust gas. The first catalyzed layer may be disposed on the first window and the second catalyzed layer may be disposed on the second window. The first catalyzed layer and the second catalyzed layer may be configured to cause a reaction with soot in the exhaust gas at an activation temperature to reduce accumulation of the soot on the first window and the second window. The optical source may be configured to emit a beam of light into the conduit through the first window. The optical detector may be configured to receive at least a portion of the beam of light through the second window.

An exhaust treatment system is provided, which comprises: a first oxidation catalyst, to oxidize compounds comprising one or more of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen; a first dosage device to supply a first additive into an exhaust stream; a catalytic filter, consisting of a particulate filter with an at least partly catalytic coating with reduction characteristics, for catching and oxidizing soot particles and for a first reduction of an amount of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust stream using the first additive; a second oxidation catalyst, to oxidize one or more of nitrogen oxide and incompletely oxidized carbon compounds in the exhaust stream; a second dosage device to supply a second additive into the exhaust stream; and a reduction catalyst device, arranged for a second reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust stream using at least one of the first or second additives.

The invention relates to a method for starting an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas system of which is equipped with an electrically heatable lambda sensor and a catalytic converter with an oxygen reservoir. The combination of method steps according to the invention allows the internal combustion engine to be started with an optimal raw emission reduction directly after a cold start and an optimal pollutant conversion in the warm-up phase. The invention likewise relates to a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust gas system having an electrically heatable lambda sensor and a catalytic converter with an oxygen reservoir, and comprising a controller, wherein the controller is designed to carry out the method according to the invention.

A catalyst temperature estimation device that estimates a temperature of a catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine includes a storage device and processing circuitry. The storage device stores mapping data that specifies a mapping that uses multiple input variables to output an estimation value of the temperature of the catalyst. The multiple input variables include at least one variable of an ambient temperature variable or an excess amount variable. The multiple input variables further include a fluid energy variable, which is a state variable related to energy of fluid flowing into the catalyst, and a previous cycle value of the estimation value of the temperature of the catalyst. The processing circuitry is configured to execute an acquisition process, a temperature calculation process, and an operation process. The mapping data includes data that is learned through machine learning.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment system includes a first sensor configured to measure a parameter and a second sensor disposed proximate the first sensor and configured to measure the parameter. The system includes a controller configured to initially utilize the first sensor as a primary sensor. At target intervals, the controller is configured to receive a first sensor value from the first sensor and receive a second sensor value from the second sensor. The controller is configured to calculate a difference between the first sensor value and the second sensor value and determine if the difference between the first sensor value and the second sensor value is greater than a threshold value. If the difference between the first and second sensor values is greater than the threshold value, the controller is configured to stop utilizing the first sensor as the primary sensor and utilize the second sensor as the primary sensor.