A generator system includes (i) an internal combustion engine, (ii) an exhaust gas outlet, connected to the internal combustion engine, for venting exhaust gasses, and (iii) a condenser, connected to the exhaust gas outlet, for condensing water from exhaust gasses.

Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods of operating internal combustion (IC) engines by combusting various fuel chemistries therein. Specifically, engines described herein can operate a wide range of fuel chemistries with varying molecular formulas. The chemical compositions of the fuels described herein make them more difficult to ignite than long chain hydrocarbons (i.e., fuels that include 6 or more carbon atoms in a molecule). In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust fuels that have the chemical properties of alcohols. In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust fuels that include hydroxide groups. Examples of such fuels include methanol and/or ethanol. In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust natural gas. These fuel chemistries are difficult to ignite, particularly at low temperatures and during initial engine startup. Systems and methods described herein address these ignition difficulties, particularly in diesel engine architectures.

Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods of operating internal combustion (IC) engines by combusting various fuel chemistries therein. Specifically, engines described herein can operate a wide range of fuel chemistries with varying molecular formulas. The chemical compositions of the fuels described herein make them more difficult to ignite than long chain hydrocarbons (i.e., fuels that include 6 or more carbon atoms in a molecule). In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust fuels that have the chemical properties of alcohols. In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust fuels that include hydroxide groups. Examples of such fuels include methanol and/or ethanol. In some embodiments, engines described herein can combust natural gas. These fuel chemistries are difficult to ignite, particularly at low temperatures and during initial engine startup. Systems and methods described herein address these ignition difficulties, particularly in diesel engine architectures.

A compression ignition engine provides a main injector and a second pilot injector producing a spray passing over an igniter producing a pilot flame assisting in ignition of the main injector spray.

A compression ignition engine provides a main injector and a second pilot injector producing a spray passing over an igniter producing a pilot flame assisting in ignition of the main injector spray.

In a diesel engine, an inside of a cylinder is divided into intra-cavity and extra-cavity regions. Ideal heat release rate waveform models, each formed of an isosceles triangle in which each oblique line gradient is a reaction rate, an area is a reaction amount and a base length is a reaction period with a reaction start temperature as a base point, are generated respectively for a vaporization reaction, low-temperature oxidation reaction, thermal decomposition reaction and high-temperature oxidation reaction of injected fuel for each region. An ideal heat release rate waveform of the reaction modes is generated by smoothing the ideal heat release rate waveform models through filtering and combining the ideal heat release rate waveforms, and is compared with an actual heat release rate waveform obtained from a detected in-cylinder pressure. A reaction mode having a deviation larger than or equal to a predetermined amount is diagnosed as being abnormal.

In a diesel engine, an inside of a cylinder is divided into intra-cavity and extra-cavity regions. Ideal heat release rate waveform models, each formed of an isosceles triangle in which each oblique line gradient is a reaction rate, an area is a reaction amount and a base length is a reaction period with a reaction start temperature as a base point, are generated respectively for a vaporization reaction, low-temperature oxidation reaction, thermal decomposition reaction and high-temperature oxidation reaction of injected fuel for each region. An ideal heat release rate waveform of the reaction modes is generated by smoothing the ideal heat release rate waveform models through filtering and combining the ideal heat release rate waveforms, and is compared with an actual heat release rate waveform obtained from a detected in-cylinder pressure. A reaction mode having a deviation larger than or equal to a predetermined amount is diagnosed as being abnormal.

A split-cycle engine includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke; a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and a valve chamber housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move within the valve chamber and relative to the first and second cylinders.

A split-cycle engine includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke; a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and a valve chamber housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move within the valve chamber and relative to the first and second cylinders.

A variable combustion system for an internal combustion engine, which suppresses mechanical compression ratio change control by a variable mechanical compression ratio control mechanism and carries out internal EGR amount change control by a variable valve actuating control mechanism on a preferential basis in a first operating region in which a compression self-ignition combustion is carried out, and which suppresses the internal EGR amount change control by the variable valve actuating control mechanism and carries out the mechanical compression ratio change control by the variable mechanical compression ratio control mechanism on a preferential basis in a second operating region in which a spark ignition combustion is carried out.