Disclosed is a bike simulator including: a base frame; a slope frame rotatably connected to the base frame so as to apply a tilting back and forth to a seated bike; a roll frame fixing a frame of the bike seated on the slope frame and rotatably connected to the slope frame so as to apply a horizontal slope to the bike; and a rear wheel support provided in the slope frame, supporting a rear wheel of the seated bike, and including a load generating unit configured to control rotary force transferred to the rear wheel. In the bike simulator according to the present invention, a bike which an actual user possesses can be fixed and applied, and as a result, the user can feel an extreme realistic traveling sense.

Provided is an apparatus for managing a player with a guard including a sensor sensing a vital information of a player to calculate an injury risk of the player to thereby manage a condition of the player, the apparatus including: a communication unit receiving the vital information from the guard and transmitting the injury risk to the guard; a memory storing a program calculating the injury risk to manage the condition of the player; and a processor connected to the communication unit and the memory to execute an operation implemented by the program, in which the program may include instructions using the vital information and pre-stored vital recovering ability data of the player to calculate the injury risk of the player.

A resistive exoskeleton control system has a controller generating a positive resistance by shaping a closed loop integral admittance of a coupled human exoskeleton system wherein a frequency response magnitude of the integral admittance is lower than that of a natural human joint for desired frequencies of interest and generating an assistance ratio of approximately zero for the desired frequencies of interest.

Systems and methods for testing a surface are described. An apparatus can be configured to consistently strike a ball to maintain consistent testing conditions. One or more parameters may be determined based on a path of travel of the ball.

A golf practice device of the type having an inclined ramp on which to place a golf ball to determine its roll for the purpose of measuring the speed of a green; the device (1) comprises: a straight main body (2) provided with a first pair of rails (20) for rolling the ball; a base body (3), provided with a second pair of rails (30) for rolling the ball and hinged to the main body (2) so as to vary its configuration with respect to the latter.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a green information measuring system, including: a first device configured to measure an electrical characteristic of soil through at least one electrode when a first condition is satisfied; and a second device configured to receive soil information of the soil from the first device and to transmit the soil information to a server when a second condition is satisfied.

A method for measuring physical properties, e.g., firmness, smoothness, trueness, green speed, of a playing surface on a golf course, includes performing measurements via a measurement apparatus. The measurement apparatus includes a spherical sensor, which in turn includes an accelerometer for measuring motion data relating to motion of the spherical sensor, a memory for storing the motion data, and a communication module for wirelessly transmitting the motion data to a computing device.

Systems and methods for testing a surface are described. An apparatus can be configured to consistently strike a ball to maintain consistent testing conditions. One or more parameters may be determined based on a path of travel of the ball.