A fuel injector assembly in one embodiment includes a nozzle, at least one needle, and at least one actuator. The nozzle includes at least one cavity in fluid communication with nozzle openings. The at least one needle is movably disposed within the at least one cavity, and prevents flow through the nozzle openings in a closed position. The at least one actuator is configured to move the at least one needle within the cavity. The at least one actuator is configured to move the at least one needle to at least a first fuel delivery configuration and a second fuel delivery configuration. A first amount of fuel is delivered through the nozzle openings with the at least one needle in the first fuel delivery configuration, and a second amount of fuel is delivered through the nozzle openings with the at least one needle in the second fuel delivery configuration.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to, for example, a method for calculating a data envelope while calibrating a technical system. In some specific embodiments, the d-dimensional calibration space, which comprises the calibration variables required for the calibration, is divided into a first sub-calibration space having a dimension d.sub.sub<d and at least one further sub-calibration space, and a d.sub.sub-dimensional data envelope is calculated at least for the first sub-calibration space using available data points and is checked during the calibration as an auxiliary condition.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to, for example, a method for calculating a data envelope while calibrating a technical system. In some specific embodiments, the d-dimensional calibration space, which comprises the calibration variables required for the calibration, is divided into a first sub-calibration space having a dimension d.sub.sub<d and at least one further sub-calibration space, and a d.sub.sub-dimensional data envelope is calculated at least for the first sub-calibration space using available data points and is checked during the calibration as an auxiliary condition.

The present disclosure provides a control device having versatility and extensibility of a load driving circuit. A control device includes a processor and an IC, in which the IC includes: a communication circuit that transmits a control signal from the processor; a first drive circuit that drives a first load; a second drive circuit that drives a second load and is provided outside the IC separately from the first drive circuit; and a third drive circuit that controls the second drive circuit, the processor transmits channel information corresponding to the number of switches of the second drive circuit to the IC, and the communication circuit changes the number of channels of the third drive circuit on the basis of the channel information.

A method for ascertaining emissions of a motor vehicle driven with the aid of an internal combustion engine in a practical driving operation. A machine learning system is trained to generate time curves of the operating variables with the aid of measured time curves of operating variables of the motor vehicle and/or of the internal combustion engine, and to then ascertain the emissions as a function of these generated time curves.

A control device includes an integrated circuit configured to receive a control signal from a central computing device via a communication path, and control operation of an actuator of a rotation output device based on the received control signal. The central computing device has a memory that stores a model representing an operation pattern of the actuator. The control signal is a signal including a desired operation pattern of the actuator that is based on the model and a desired operation start time of the desired operation pattern. The integrated circuit controls the operation of the actuator using the desired operation pattern at the desired operation start time and receives a next control signal representing a next operation pattern and a next operation start time of the next operation pattern after the desired operation pattern is executed or during execution of the desired operation pattern.

A control device includes an integrated circuit configured to receive a control signal from a central computing device via a communication path, and control operation of an actuator of a rotation output device based on the received control signal. The central computing device has a memory that stores a model representing an operation pattern of the actuator. The control signal is a signal including a desired operation pattern of the actuator that is based on the model and a desired operation start time of the desired operation pattern. The integrated circuit controls the operation of the actuator using the desired operation pattern at the desired operation start time and receives a next control signal representing a next operation pattern and a next operation start time of the next operation pattern after the desired operation pattern is executed or during execution of the desired operation pattern.

Methods and systems for operating an engine responsive to filtered cylinder pressure data are disclosed. In one example, fuel injection timing may be advanced in response to filtered cylinder pressure data that is indicative of onset of combustion in a cylinder being delayed from an expected timing. The filtered cylinder pressure data may be generated via a digital filter.

A control device for an engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder and a piston, an intake air amount adjuster that adjusts an intake air amount supplied to the combustion chamber, a controller switchable of a combustion mode between a fuel-lean first combustion mode and a stoichiometric second combustion mode based on an engine operating state, and an intake air cooler that cools the intake air supplied to the combustion chamber. The controller controls the intake air cooler to start intake air cooling in response to a request for switching the combustion modes, and after the intake air cooling is started, controls the intake air amount adjuster to start the switching of the combustion modes, and then controls the intake air cooler and the intake air amount adjuster so that the switching of the combustion modes ends after the intake air cooling is finished.

An auxiliary engine control unit for use with a main engine control unit for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle may have an input signal interface unit. The input signal interface unit may be configured to intercept at least one engine control output signal of the main engine control unit. The auxiliary engine control unit may also have a control unit which is configured to change the intercepted engine control output signal according to a control scheme stored in the control unit. The auxiliary engine control unit may also have an output signal interface unit which is configured to output the engine control output signal, changed by the control unit, to the internal combustion engine to be controlled in order to achieve an improved control of the internal combustion engine.