Present embodiments provide a throttle body which may be used with a variety of engines of different manufacturers. The throttle body includes an inlet which expands to two or more bores, which extend downwardly through the throttle body. The throttle body may provide improved fuel pathways and fuel injector placement.

A multi-injection process includes performing intake synchronized injection in which fuel is injected in synchronism with an open valve period of an intake valve, and an intake asynchronous injection in which fuel is injected at a more advanced timing than during intake synchronized injection. A single-injection process includes injecting a required injection amount of fuel by intake asynchronous injection. An operating process includes operating a port injection valve for injecting fuel into an intake passageway. A selection process includes selecting the single-injection process if the temperature of an intake system of an internal combustion engine is not lower than a prescribed temperature, and selecting the multi-injection process if the temperature of the intake system is less than the prescribed temperature.

An intake assembly for an internal combustion engine, includes an intake manifold including a first plenum and a plurality of intake runners, the first plenum including an air supply inlet, the intake runners configured to be couplable to a cylinder head of the engine for supplying an air-fuel mixture thereto, the intake manifold configured such that, in use, air is supplied from the air supply inlet to the intake runners via the first plenum; a plurality of fuel injectors, each arranged to inject a fuel into one of the intake runners; and a fuel rail coupled to the plurality of fuel injectors, the fuel rail including a fuel supply inlet, and configured to supply fuel from the fuel supply inlet to the plurality of fuel injectors, in use. The fuel rail is mounted to the first plenum.

In an internal combustion engine which performs a homogeneous lean combustion mode and a stratified lean combustion mode, there is provided a new internal combustion engine control device capable of obtaining a stable combustion state by decreasing influences of delay of an air flow and a degree of change of a transient state and smoothly performing switching between the homogeneous lean combustion mode and the stratified lean combustion mode. Accordingly, in the present invention, when switching between the stratified lean mode in which a compression stroke injection is performed by a direct injection injector 7 and the homogeneous lean combustion mode in which an intake stroke injection is performed by the direct injection injector 7 is performed, a predetermined delay time t is provided from at least a switching operation of a tumble control valve 6, a switching operation between the compression stroke injection and the intake stroke injection is performed, and the delay time t is set so as to correspond to a magnitude of the degree of change L of the transient state. A switching timing between the compression stroke injection and the intake stroke injection is controlled according to the flow delay of an air control system such as the tumble control valve 6 and the degree of change L of the transient state, and thus, it is possible to improve combustion stability in a combustion chamber.

A fuel supply device for an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of fuel injection valves that are disposed side by side in an engine main body or in an intake system component forming part of an intake system, and a fuel distribution pipe that is connected in common to the fuel injection valves and supported via a support part provided on the intake system component or on the engine main body, wherein the fuel distribution pipe is formed from a pipe material, and a restricting member that is a separate member from the fuel distribution pipe is mounted on the support part at a position adjacent to the fuel distribution pipe so as to abut against the fuel distribution pipe to suppress displacement of the fuel distribution pipe from the support part. Thus, it is possible to suppress displacement of fuel piping while ensuring the mass productivity.

A method for dynamic gas partial pressure correction of an internal combustion engine with external mixture formation. A mixture formation is carried out in an intake manifold upstream of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and in which in addition to the gas partial pressure of the fresh air flowing continuously into the intake manifold, the gas partial pressure of the fuel, fed discontinuously into the intake manifold, is also taken into account. The gas partial pressure of the fuel, fed into the intake manifold, said pressure which is assumed to be stationary as a function of determined parameters, is dynamically adjusted for each of the cylinder-individual, temporally successive injections, discharged into the intake manifold, by means of a correction factor and a fresh air correction filling value.

Embodiments of apparatus are disclosed for affecting working fluid flow in a system that delivers material between two locations by carrying the material in the working fluid. For example, embodiments of the disclosed apparatus may be used in an internal combustion engines to carry fuel droplets to a combustion area using air as the working fluid. The apparatus may include a passage including a funnel portion and tumble area that direct working fluid into a stratified stream. The stratified stream may include an outer boundary flow having a toroidal and/or helical flow characteristic and an inner flow carrying injected material that is bound by the outer flow.

Various embodiments may include a fuel injector cup assembly comprising: a fuel injector cup; a fastening bracket for securing a fuel injector to the cup; and a clamping arm for fastening the cup to an engine. The cup has a main body part with an internal volume. The cup comprises a one-piece body defining the main body part and an inlet stub containing a fuel inlet port hydraulically connectable to the fuel source. The stub has a first external dimension. The main body part has a second external dimension larger than the first external dimension to provide a shoulder supporting the clamping arm. An end of the cup remote from the stub has an outwardly extending flange supporting the fastening bracket.

Provided is a control device and a control method of a high-efficiency internal combustion engine capable of stabilizing combustion and suppressing NO.sub.x emissions without unnecessarily increasing a mounting load on an ECU. Therefore, the control device of the internal combustion engine for controlling the internal combustion engine includes an ignition plug that ignites an air-fuel mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber, a combustion pressure estimation sensor that detects a combustion pressure in the combustion chamber, and a crank angle sensor that detects a crank angle of a crankshaft. An MBT region is set based on an ignition delay period from an ignition timing of the ignition plug calculated from a detection value of the combustion pressure estimation sensor and a detection value of the crank angle sensor to a combustion start timing in the combustion chamber, and a combustion period from the combustion start timing to a set amount combustion end timing when a set amount of combustion ends. An ignition timing of the ignition plug is controlled so as to fall within the set MBT region.

An air intake structure of a saddle riding vehicle disposed on a saddle riding vehicle that includes intake system components above an engine, the engine includes a plurality of cylinders aligned at least in front and rear, the intake system components include: funnels coupled to intake ports of the respective cylinders; and injectors facing openings of the respective funnels, the funnels and the injectors are arranged inside the air box, the air intake structure includes an air filter in a front side with respect to the funnel and the injector disposed in a cylinder in a front side. In the air intake structure of a saddle riding vehicle, the air filter is at least disposed so as to be oriented in a vertical direction in side view, and the air filter has a middle part on which a louver is disposed.