A hydraulic switching assembly for a motor vehicle, having a hydraulic pump (1) which guides a hydraulic medium from a reservoir (2) via hydraulic lines (3) and at least one magnetic valve assembly (4) including a magnetically actuatable switching valve (5), to a switching element (6) in order to hydraulically actuate the switching element (6) between two switching positions. A pressure accumulator (7) and a first check valve (8a) are mounted in a supply line (3a) upstream of the switching valve (5) in order to realize a reliable temporary supply of oil pressure to the switching element (6).

A method for modeling an environment with a risk of nuclear contamination comprising steps of: acquiring, using a detector (10) and through a 3-dimensional displacement of the detector in the environment, information related to the topography of the environment and radiological measurement data of the environment, and then via a computer processing unit (20), associating the radiological measurement data with location data in the environment, the location data having been deduced from path data of the detector, incrementially creating, using the information and via the computer processing unit: at least one matrix in which topographic data of the environment and the radiological data associated with the location data are compiled, and a 3-dimensional mapping representing the environment in which the topographic data and the radiological data are jointly represented.

A servovalve includes a fluid transfer valve assembly comprising a supply port and a control port and a moveable valve spool arranged to regulate flow of fluid from the supply port to the control port in response to a control signal. The servovalve also includes a jet pipe assembly configured to direct fluid to the ends of the spool to axially move the valve spool relative to the fluid transfer assembly in response to the control signal to regulate the fluid flow. The jet pipe assembly comprises a jet pipe a connector header fluidly connecting the jet pipe to a nozzle. The spool has one or more openings 28 is provided in the spool such that fluid from the supply port flows into the interior of the spool and into the jet pipe.

A servovalve includes a fluid transfer valve assembly comprising a supply port and a control port and a moveable valve spool arranged to regulate flow of fluid from the supply port to the control port in response to a control signal. The servovalve also includes a jet pipe assembly configured to direct fluid to the ends of the spool to axially move the valve spool relative to the fluid transfer assembly in response to the control signal to regulate the fluid flow. The jet pipe assembly comprises a jet pipe a connector header fluidly connecting the jet pipe to a nozzle. The spool has one or more openings 28 is provided in the spool such that fluid from the supply port flows into the interior of the spool and into the jet pipe.

A hydraulic drive unit includes: a pump; a pair of supply-discharge lines; a valve block; a sealed tank; a suction line that leads hydraulic oil in the sealed tank to the pump; a connecting line that connects an air vent port of the pump to the suction line; and a gas-liquid separator that separates air and the hydraulic oil flowing through the connecting line from each other. The pump is disposed upward of the valve block and the sealed tank in a vertical direction.

A filter element having a substantially cylindrical shape is provided inside a filter case that is provided with a plurality of opening portions in a side surface and has a bottomed substantially cylindrical shape. A fluid flows into a hollow portion of the filter element from an inflow portion provided between a bottom surface of the filter case and the filter element in a height direction. Further, an inner tube provided inside a filtration material having a substantially cylindrical shape includes a first region that is formed with an opening portion substantially on the entire surface and a second region that is not formed with an opening portion. The second region is provided below the first region to include a lower end of the inner tube.

A filter element having a substantially cylindrical shape is provided inside a filter case that is provided with a plurality of opening portions in a side surface and has a bottomed substantially cylindrical shape. A fluid flows into a hollow portion of the filter element from an inflow portion provided between a bottom surface of the filter case and the filter element in a height direction. Further, an inner tube provided inside a filtration material having a substantially cylindrical shape includes a first region that is formed with an opening portion substantially on the entire surface and a second region that is not formed with an opening portion. The second region is provided below the first region to include a lower end of the inner tube.

A filter state estimation system is configured to estimate a state of a filter provided in a hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit includes: the filter; a bypass channel circumventing the filter and through which an oil flows; and a valve provided in the bypass channel and configured to be opened and closed based on a differential pressure. The filter state estimation system includes: a sensor to detect that the valve is in an open state or in a closed state; a temperature sensor to detect a temperature of the oil; and a state estimating unit to estimate a state of the filter based on detection results detected by the sensor and the temperature sensor. The state estimating unit estimates the state of the filter based on the temperature of the oil which is detected by the temperature sensor when the sensor detects that the valve is in the open state.

A filter state estimation system is configured to estimate a state of a filter provided in a hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit includes: the filter; a bypass channel circumventing the filter and through which an oil flows; and a valve provided in the bypass channel and configured to be opened and closed based on a differential pressure. The filter state estimation system includes: a sensor to detect that the valve is in an open state or in a closed state; a temperature sensor to detect a temperature of the oil; and a state estimating unit to estimate a state of the filter based on detection results detected by the sensor and the temperature sensor. The state estimating unit estimates the state of the filter based on the temperature of the oil which is detected by the temperature sensor when the sensor detects that the valve is in the open state.

A system includes a hydraulic energy transfer system configured to exchange pressures between a first fluid and a second fluid, wherein pressure of the first fluid is greater than pressure of the second fluid. The system also includes a lubrication system coupled to the hydraulic energy transfer system and configured to pump or direct a lubrication fluid into the hydraulic energy transfer system.