A shock absorber includes a compensator and a variable volume chamber. The compensator contains a compressible fluid and the variable volume chamber contains a substantially incompressible fluid. During a compression stroke, an increase in the volume of the incompressible fluid in the variable volume chamber compresses the compensator and thereby increases the available volume in the variable volume chamber.

Support and carrier assemblies are dimensioned for securement along a damper housing and dimensioned to operatively support an end member of a gas spring assembly on the damper housing as well as to form a substantially fluid-tight connected between the end member and the damper housing. The support and seal assembly can include a seal assembly with a seal carrier and at least one sealing element. The seal carrier can be dimensioned for securement along the damper housing. The at least one sealing element can be dimensioned sealingly engage the seal carrier and one of the end member and the damper housing to at least partially form the substantially fluid-tight connection therebetween. End member assemblies including such support and carrier assemblies are included. Gas spring and damper assemblies as well as suspension systems are also included.

Support and carrier assemblies are dimensioned for securement along a damper housing and dimensioned to operatively support an end member of a gas spring assembly on the damper housing as well as to form a substantially fluid-tight connected between the end member and the damper housing. The support and seal assembly can include a seal assembly with a seal carrier and at least one sealing element. The seal carrier can be dimensioned for securement along the damper housing. The at least one sealing element can be dimensioned sealingly engage the seal carrier and one of the end member and the damper housing to at least partially form the substantially fluid-tight connection therebetween. End member assemblies including such support and carrier assemblies are included. Gas spring and damper assemblies as well as suspension systems are also included.

The invention relates to a spring (1, 23) comprising at least one tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) that can be subjected to tensile stress and/or at least one compressive body (37) that can be subjected to compressive stress, the spring also comprising a force-displacement conversion unit (3, 18, 24) for converting the force-displacement of the spring force F, said force-displacement conversion unit (3, 18, 24) having a moveable input control element (6, 19, 29), to which the spring force can be applied and a moveable output control element (7, 20, 30, 54, 60, 68, 72) which is operatively connected to the tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) or to the compressive body (37) in such a way that the spring force F produces a tensile stress in the tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) or a compressive stress in the compressive body (37) in a specific force-displacement conversion ratio.

The invention relates to a spring (1, 23) comprising at least one tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) that can be subjected to tensile stress and/or at least one compressive body (37) that can be subjected to compressive stress, the spring also comprising a force-displacement conversion unit (3, 18, 24) for converting the force-displacement of the spring force F, said force-displacement conversion unit (3, 18, 24) having a moveable input control element (6, 19, 29), to which the spring force can be applied and a moveable output control element (7, 20, 30, 54, 60, 68, 72) which is operatively connected to the tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) or to the compressive body (37) in such a way that the spring force F produces a tensile stress in the tensile body (2, 17, 71, 76) or a compressive stress in the compressive body (37) in a specific force-displacement conversion ratio.

A pneumatic spring strut for a vehicle is provided including a hydraulic cylinder having a lower end for connection with a suspension system of the vehicle; a hydraulic piston slidably mounted within the hydraulic cylinder; a piston rod connected with the hydraulic piston; a pneumatic spring mount body connected with the hydraulic cylinder; a pneumatic spring bellows having a lower in connected with the pneumatic spring mount body; a top cap encircling the piston rod and being connected with a top end of the spring bellows, and a closing cover twist lock connected with the top cap.

A bellows accumulator, in particular a pulsation damper, includes a bellows (3) arranged in an accumulator housing (1) and separating two media chambers (27, 28) from each other. Bellows folds (19) of the bellows can be moved at least partially along the inner wall (35) of the accumulator housing (1). The outside diameter of the bellows folds (19) is selected to be slightly smaller than the associated diameter of the inner wall (35) of the accumulator housing (1) in such a way that spaces (37, 41) are formed, which spaces together form a hydraulic damper for at least one medium.

A shock absorber includes a compensator and a variable volume chamber. The compensator contains a compressible fluid and the variable volume chamber contains a substantially incompressible fluid. During a compression stroke, an increase in the volume of the incompressible fluid in the variable volume chamber compresses the compensator and thereby increases the available volume in the variable volume chamber.

An air spring for damping and controlling a level position of a driver's cab or of a motor vehicle includes a lid, a rolling piston and at least one air spring bellows. At least one damping device is integrated into the air spring. A level control system is integrated into the air spring and is configured to at least one of supply and discharge compressed air, gas or a compressible medium so as to control the level position of the driver's cab or of the motor vehicle.

Support and carrier assemblies are dimensioned for securement along a damper housing and dimensioned to operatively support an end member of a gas spring assembly on the damper housing as well as to form a substantially fluid-tight connected between the end member and the damper housing. The support and seal assembly can include a seal assembly with a seal carrier and at least one sealing element. The seal carrier can be dimensioned for securement along the damper housing. The at least one sealing element can be dimensioned sealingly engage the seal carrier and one of the end member and the damper housing to at least partially form the substantially fluid-tight connection therebetween. End member assemblies including such support and carrier assemblies are included. Gas spring and damper assemblies as well as suspension systems are also included.