An apparatus in the form of a subterranean storage container configured to store a volume of a small molecular gas, such as hydrogen or methane. In some embodiments, a casing is arranged to extend into a subterranean formation. A top end of the casing is connected to a top cap structure. The top cap structure includes an adapter flange connected to an inner liner which extends within the casing and is separated therefrom by a circumferentially extending annulus. The annulus is configured to be filled with a fluid at a predetermined pressure. The fluid may be an uncompressible liquid such as propylene glycol. The small molecular gas is stored within an interior of the inner liner at a selected pressure, such as above 1000 pounds per square inch (psi).

A cryogenic full containment storage tank for realizing a low-liquid-level material extraction function by using a pump column, comprising an inner tank, an outer tank, a pump column, a submersible pump and a material pre-extraction device; wherein the material pre-extraction device comprises a cofferdam, a Venturi mixer, a backflow pipe, a return control valve, a lead-out pipeline and a liquid level detection system. The cryogenic full containment storage tank can make use of a low-temperature medium flowing back from the pump column to extract the low liquid level material outside the cofferdam into the cofferdam to form a local high liquid level and maintain the normal operation of the submersible pump.

An underground storage tank maintenance system includes a system of monitors to determine pressure and humidity in the system. Inert gas may be supplied into the ullage of the tank. The inert gas may first pass through an interstitial space as between the primary storage and secondary containment, and then passed into ullage to capture contaminants on the way out of the vent to atmosphere. The system and method prevent hydrocarbons exiting to atmosphere. Humidity sensors may be set along vent to determine water contamination and trigger drying cycles. Pressure readings help identify system leaks.

An input includes a specified fluid product to be transported, a specified volume transfer of the specified fluid product to a berth, and a target flow rate of the specified fluid product. A first allowable operating range for volume transfer and a second allowable operating range for flow rate are determined at least based on: the specified fluid product, an availability of meters for metering, an availability of loading arms for loading the specified fluid product to a ship located at the berth, and an availability of vapor combustion units for flaring. A control signal is transmitted to at least one of multiple valves to establish a flow path for the specified fluid product. A start signal is transmitted to initiate a recipe that controls flow through the flow path within the first allowable operating range and the second allowable operating range.

Various embodiments are generally directed to a casing connected to a top cap structure that consists of an adapter flange extending to an adapter barrel that is configured to fit wholly within the casing. The adapter barrel can be separated from the casing by an annulus that is filled to a predetermined annulus pressure while an internal chamber defined by the adapter barrel contains a gas having a small molecular size at a storage pressure that is greater than the predetermined annulus pressure.

A cryogenic tank for storing cryogenic fluids is disclosed. The cryogenic tank is typically configured to be mounted on a vehicle for supplying cryogenic fuel to a propulsion system of the vehicle. The cryogenic tank comprises an inner vessel for containing cryogenic fluids and an outer vessel surrounding the inner vessel to define a vacuum insulating volume therebetween. The outer vessel is configured to transmit static and/or dynamic loads, while the inner vessel is partially or completely isolated from such loads.

A fuel gauging sensing device for a fuel tank for aircrafts includes an optical fiber harness along the internal surface of the tank, a master optical controller connected to a first terminal of the optical fiber harness, a slave optical controller connected to a second terminal of the optical fiber harness, wherein the optical fiber harness includes Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors spaced in the optical fiber harness between 1 mm and 25 mm to provide temperature gradients inside the tank and wherein the master and slave optical controllers are configured to obtain the fuel gauging of the tank based on the output from the FBG sensors.

Various embodiments are generally directed to a casing connected to a top cap structure that consists of an adapter flange extending to an adapter barrel that is configured to fit wholly within the casing. The adapter barrel can be separated from the casing by an annulus that is filled to a predetermined annulus pressure while an internal chamber defined by the adapter barrel contains a gas having a small molecular size at a storage pressure that is greater than the predetermined annulus pressure.

In a system and a method for pressure management while extracting a liquid from a liquid storage vessel, a liquid and its vapor are provided in liquid storage vessel. The liquid is extracted by a pump from the storage vessel and fed as a liquid flow to a consumer unit. A defined partial flow is separated from the liquid flow downstream of the pump. The pressure of the partial flow is reduced by a pressure regulation means and the partial flow is evaporated by an evaporator. The evaporated partial flow is fed back into the storage vessel.

The invention relates to a container for holding and storing liquids and viscous materials, in particular cryogenic fluids, comprising a jacket (12), which defines the interior (14) of the container (10) having a chamber (16), said container (10) being constituted of at least two container structures (20, 20′, 20″) and each of said at least two container structures (20, 20′, 20″) being formed as one piece from a blank (32) and having a dome portion (22), a branching portion (24), which is contiguous to the dome portion (22), and two cylinder portions (26, 28; 26′, 28′), which are contiguous to the branching portion (24), and the mutually facing container structures (20, 20; 20′, 20″) which are adjacent to each other being joined together.